Chapter 6 Flashcards
Catabolic
The breakdown of tissue in the body
Chemotroph
Organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments. These molecules can be organic
Chloroplasts
Placids that contain chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place
Competitive inhibition
A form of enzyme inhibition where binding of the inhibitior to the active site on the enzyme prevents binding of the substrate and vice versa
Cytochromes
Any number of compounds consisting of heme bonded to a protein
Dephosphorylation
The essental process of removing phospate groups from an organic compound by hydrolysis
Endergonic
A chemical reaction where the free energy of a system increases
Energy of activation
The energy of an atomic system must acquire before a chemical reaction can occur
Enzyme
A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction
Exergonic
A chemical reaction where the change in the Gibbs free energy is negative, indicating a spontaneous reaction
1st Law of thermodynamics
Also know as the law of conservation of energy, states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It may change from one form to another, but the energy in a closed system remains constant.
2nd Law of thermodynamics
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that when energy is transferred, there will be less energy available at the end of the transfer process than at the beginning.
Active Site
A specific region of an enzyme where a substrate binds and catalysis takes place.
Anabolic
is the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units.
ATP
An adenosine-derived nucleotide, C10H16N5O13P3, that contains high-energy phosphate bonds and is used to transport energy to cells for biochemical processes, including muscle contraction and enzymatic metabolism, through its hydrolysis to ADP. ATP is hydrolyzed to AMP when it is incorporated into DNA or RNA.
