Chapter 3 Flashcards

(22 cards)

1
Q

What is a tissue ?

A

A group of cells working together to preform a specific function

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2
Q

What is an organ ?

A

A group of tissue’s that work together to preform a specific function

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3
Q

What is an organ system ?

A

A group of organs working together to preform a specific function

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4
Q

What does the mouth do in digestion ?

A
  • Physical digestion by teeth

- Chemical digestion by saliva

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5
Q

How does the stomach aid digestion

A

-Digestion by stomach acid and digestive enzymes

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6
Q

How does the liver aid digestion ?

A

-Produces bile which emulsifies fat (breaks them down into smaller pieces) and neutralises stomach acid

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7
Q

How does the pancreas aid digestion ?

A

Sits below stomach:

-Creates digestive enzymes to help break down food

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8
Q

How does the small intestine aid digestion ?

A

Food moves here after the stomach:

  • Digested food is absorbed from small intestine into the blood stream
  • Enzymes produced to break down food
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9
Q

How does the Large intestine aid Digestion ?

A

-Water is re-absorbed into the bloodstream and the rest is passed onto the rectum where the left over is excreted from the anus

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10
Q

What is the chemical formula for glucose ?

A

C6H12O6

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11
Q

How do you test for Carbohydrates ?

A

Iodine test for starch:
-yellow/red iodine turns blue if starch is present
Benedict’s test for sugars:
-Blue solution turns red on heating if starch is present

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12
Q

How do you test for Protein ?

A

Biuret test:

-Biuret reagent turns purple if protein is present

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13
Q

How do you test for lipids ?

A

Ethanol test:

-Ethanol gives a solution containing lipids a cloudy white layer

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14
Q

What are proteins ?

A

Molecules used for growth and repairing muscle tissue:

-Made up of long chains of amino acids

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15
Q

What are Carbohydrates ?

A

Main source of energy for humans:

-Made up of simple sugars such as glucose and sucrose

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16
Q

what are Lipids ?

A

Fats and oils used as energy stores in our body:

-Made up of 3 molecules of fatty acids joined to 1 molecule of glycerol

17
Q

What are enzymes and how do they work?

A

Proteins made up of amino acids:

  • Biological catalysts
  • Work by lock and key theory
  • -substrate locks into the enzymes active site
  • -substrate splits into 2 products making it easier and quicker to digest
  • -enzyme can be used again
18
Q

What is metabolism ?

A

The sum of all reactions in your body

19
Q

What and how does it affect the effect of enzymes on a reaction ?

A

Temperature:
-Greater temperature the greater the kinetic energy the faster the reaction
-If temperature is too great the chains of amino acids begin to unravel and the enzyme becomes denatured
pH:
-A change in pH can stop the forces holding an active site in place meaning that the enzyme stops working completely

20
Q

Which enzyme breaks down:

  • Carbohydrates
  • -Starch
  • Proteins
  • Fatty Acids/lipids
A
  • Carbohydrase
  • -amylase
  • protease
  • lipase
21
Q

Describe lock and key theory

A
  • Substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme
  • Substrate splits into products, making them quicker to digest
  • Products leave the active site and the enzyme can be used again
22
Q

What is bile ?

A

Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder, it i s an alkaline that neutralises the stomach acid and emulsifies fat to form small droplet that increase the surface area to volume ratio