Maciej Chapter 2 Maciej Flashcards

(11 cards)

1
Q

What is a stem cell ?

A
  • A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell of an organism which is capable of:
  • -Making copies of itself
  • -Differentiating to form different cell types
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2
Q

What types of stem cells are there ?

A
  • Embryonic stem cells

- Adult stem cells

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3
Q

Describe embryonic stem cells

A
  • Found in embryos
  • Often extracted from umbilical cord
  • Can differentiate into many cell types
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4
Q

Adult stem cells

A
  • Can differentiate into cells of tissue that it cam from

- Extracted from tissue, often extracted from bone marrow

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5
Q

Name some uses of stem cells

A
  • Used to treat paralysis in rats

- Used to treat diabetes

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6
Q

Were are stem cells found in plants? Give a some information about them

A

Meristems, can differentiate into any type of plant cell throughout the plants life

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7
Q

Why would having your own embryonic stem cells stored be useful ?

A

If you were to have a serious operation, e.g. organ transplant, stem cells could be used for aid and they would not be rejected by the body

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8
Q

Name the stages of the cell cycle

A
Interphase (G1, S, G2)
M Phase (Mitosis, Cytokinesis)
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9
Q

Describe the process of interphase

A
  • Cell prepares to divide
  • G1: Cell grows and new organelles and proteins are made
  • S: DNA synthesis, DNA is replicated
  • G2: Cell keeps growing
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10
Q

Describe the process of the M Phase

A
  • Mitosis: Chromosomes become shorter and thicker, they line up at the centre of the cell, they are then pulled to opposite sides if the cell
  • Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides to produce 2 genetically identical cells
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11
Q

What is cloning and how can it be useful ?

A

Therapeutic cloning:
-Embryo produced with the same genes as the patient, this means the cells will not be rejected by the patients body so they can be used in medical treatment
Plants:
-Can be cloned quickly and economically, may be used to increase yield or to save rare species from extinction
-Plants with specific characteristics such as disease resistance can be cloned to produce large numbers of plants with the characteristic

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