Flashcards in Maciej Chapter 2 Maciej Deck (11):
1
What is a stem cell ?
-A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell of an organism which is capable of:
--Making copies of itself
--Differentiating to form different cell types
2
What types of stem cells are there ?
-Embryonic stem cells
-Adult stem cells
3
Describe embryonic stem cells
-Found in embryos
-Often extracted from umbilical cord
-Can differentiate into many cell types
4
Adult stem cells
-Can differentiate into cells of tissue that it cam from
-Extracted from tissue, often extracted from bone marrow
5
Name some uses of stem cells
-Used to treat paralysis in rats
-Used to treat diabetes
6
Were are stem cells found in plants? Give a some information about them
Meristems, can differentiate into any type of plant cell throughout the plants life
7
Why would having your own embryonic stem cells stored be useful ?
If you were to have a serious operation, e.g. organ transplant, stem cells could be used for aid and they would not be rejected by the body
8
Name the stages of the cell cycle
Interphase (G1, S, G2)
M Phase (Mitosis, Cytokinesis)
9
Describe the process of interphase
-Cell prepares to divide
-G1: Cell grows and new organelles and proteins are made
-S: DNA synthesis, DNA is replicated
-G2: Cell keeps growing
10
Describe the process of the M Phase
-Mitosis: Chromosomes become shorter and thicker, they line up at the centre of the cell, they are then pulled to opposite sides if the cell
-Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides to produce 2 genetically identical cells
11