Chapter 9 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is the word and symbol equation for aerobic respiration ? What type of reaction is it ?
Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water
C6H12O6 +6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Exothermic reaction
What is the site of Respiration
Mitochondria
Why is respiration necessary ?
- Energy is needed to make muscles contract which is essential to staying alive
- Maintain constant body temperature
- In plants energy is needed to move mineral ions from soil into root hair cells
- Energy needed to breakdown smaller molecules during digestion and within cells
How does the body respond to exercise ?
- Increased Heart Rate and Breathing Rate:
- -Therefore flow of oxygenated blood to muscles increases
- -Greater amount of oxygen is required as more energy is required
- -Greater rate of removal of Carbon Dioxide is also necessary
- Glycogen stores are converted in Glucose for cellular respiration
What takes place if there is a lack of oxygen but energy is necessary ?
Anaerobic respiration
What is the word equation for lactic acid and what type of reaction is it ?
Glucose -> Lactic Acid + Energy transferred to the environment
Exothermic Reaction
Why does Muscle Fatigue occur ?
the build up of lactic acid as a result of oxygen debt, oxygen debt occurs if there is an insufficient amount of oxygen supplied to the muscles leading to anaerobic respiration and therefore the build up of lactic acid leading to muscle fatigue
What is the word equation for Oxygen Debt Repayment ?
Lactic Acid + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water
How can anaerobic respiration be used in other organisms ? What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants ?
- Bacteria used to form yoghurts
- Yeast cells, fermentation
- Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide + (energy transferred to the environment)
What is metabolism ?
The sum of all reactions in the body which includes:
- conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen an cellulose
- formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids
- use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which in turn are used to synthesise proteins
- respiration
- breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion
Name 4 metabolic reactions in the body
- Conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
- Formation of Lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
- Use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids that are used to make proteins
- Reaction of respiration
- Reactions of photosynthesis
- Breakdown of excess proteins in the liver to form urea for excretion in the urine by the kidneys
Name 3 functions of the liver
- Detoxifying poisonous substances such as ethanol
- Passing the breakdown of products into the blood so they can be excreted in the urine via the kidneys
- Breaking down old, worn out blood cells and storing iron until it is needed to synthesise more blood cells
- Removing Lactic Acid accumulated by anaerobic respiration
