Chapter 3

Question 1

The cardiorespiratory system

Answer 1

Composed of the respiratory and cardiovascular system

Question 2

The cardiovascular system

Answer 2

Blood vessels, blood, and the heart

Question 3

Arteries

Answer 3

Carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body

Question 4

Veins

Answer 4

Return blood to the heart from the rest of the body

Question 5

Stroke volume

Answer 5

The amount of blood pumped out the heart with each contraction

Question 6

Cardiac output

Answer 6

Heart rate × stroke volume

Question 7

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 7

The “pacemaker” of the heart because it initiates the heartbeat

Question 8

Typical heart rate for an adult

Answer 8

70-80 BPM

Question 9

What is the main difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle?

Answer 9

What is the main difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle?

Question 10

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 10

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Question 11

Right atrium

Answer 11

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body

Question 12

right ventricle

Answer 12

Sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 13

Left atrium

Answer 13

Left atrium

Question 14

Left ventricle

Answer 14

Sends oxygenated blood to the body

Question 15

atria

Answer 15

Smaller, superiorly located chambers that gather blood returning to the heart

Question 16

Ventricles

Answer 16

Larger, inferiorly located chambers that pump blood out of the heart

Question 17

What separates the chambers of the heart and major arteries and veins & prevents backflow?

Answer 17

Valves

Question 18

What are the 3 types of blood cells?

Answer 18

Red blood cells (oxygen), white blood cells (immune system), platelets (clotting)

Question 19

What are 3 functions of blood?

Answer 19

Transports nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products; regulates body temperature, pH, and cellular water content; protects against blood loss by clotting, and fights foreign pathogens and toxins

Question 20

Inspiratory ventilation

Answer 20

Active contraction of muscles to increase thoracic cavity volume; thus, decreasing interpulmonary pressure and drawing air into the lungs

Question 21

Expiratory ventilation

Answer 21

Active or passive contraction of muscles, causing inspiratory muscles to relax and air to move out of the body

Question 22

What are the primary respiratory muscles used during light breathing?

Answer 22

Diaphragm, external intercostals

Question 23

What are the secondary respiratory muscles used for heavy breathing?

Answer 23

Scalenes, pectoralis minor

Question 24

Location where gasses such as oxygen and carbon dioxide travel in and out of the blood stream

Answer 24

Alveoli

Question 25

What is the typical resting oxygen consumption for healthy adults - aka, 1 metabolic equivalent (MET)?

Answer 25

3.5 mL per kg of bodyweight per minute

Question 26

The best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness: the highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization during maximal effort exercise

Answer 26

Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)

Question 27

What is a way to predict VO2max without expensive lab equipment?

Answer 27

Submaximal exercise tests, such as the Rockport walk test and step test

Question 28

What are the consequences of poor breathing patterns?

Answer 28

Headaches, increased anxiety, fatigue, poor sleep, poor circulation