Chapter 3 Flashcards
1
Q
amount of Americans with emotional disorder
A
about half
2
Q
Percent of those that receive treatment
A
one third
3
Q
Percent of mental disorder recovery
A
80-90%
4
Q
Neuropsychiatry
A
the study of the brain and mind
5
Q
Most complex organ
A
brain
6
Q
Neurons
A
nerve cells, transmit information from the senses to the brain and brain to body
7
Q
Parts of neurons
A
- Cell body
- Axon terminal
- Dendrites
8
Q
Nucleus
A
central part of a cell, in cell body
9
Q
Axon
A
long fiber that conducts impulses from nuckeus to dendrites
10
Q
Axon Terminal
A
ending of axon, impulses transmitted to a dendrite of other neuron
11
Q
Dendrites
A
Branching fibers of neuron that receive impulses from axon terminals and other neurons, conduct them to nuclues
12
Q
Glia
A
support cells for neurons in the brain and spinal cord that seperate brain from bloodstream, help in neuron growth
13
Q
Neurotransmitters
A
chemicals released by neurons that stimulate or inhibit action of other neurons
14
Q
Synapse
A
specialized site at which electrical impulses are transmitted from the axon terminal of one neuron to a dendrite of another
15
Q
Women’s brains are ____% smaller
A
10-15%
- more densely packed with neurons
- use more of them
16
Q
Genders respond diff to emotion, especially ___
A
sadness, activates neurons in area 8x larger in women
17
Q
Greatest gender differences
A
at both top and bottom of scale
18
Q
Brain is still a work in progress until
A
age 25
19
Q
Surge of synapse in
A
before adolescence
20
Q
After surge in tweens
A
prune nonessential connections
21
Q
In adequate pruning can contribute to
A
mental disorders
22
Q
Brain area for organizing fully develop at age ___
A
20
23
Q
Before 20, rely on _____ for daily life
A
amygdala
24
Q
Amygdala
A
- almond shaped
- in medial/temporal lobes
- process emotions and memories
25
Frontal cortex
- governs reason and forethought
- greater role as age
- puts challenges into perspective
26
Mental Disorder
a behavioral or psychological syndrome associated with distress or disability
27
Psychiatric illness and substance abuse affect ____ world wide
450 Million
28
Most common psychiatric conditions
- Depression
- alcohol dependence/abuse
- bipolar disorder
- schizophrenia
- Alzheimer's/dementia
- panic disorder
- drug dependence/abuse
29
What is the leading cause of years of health lost to disease?
depression
30
Women are ____% higher for depression
50%
31
Men rates of alcohol and substance abuse are ___x higher than women
7x
32
___% undergrads have depression
10%
33
Undergrads who live ____ more likely to have depression
off-campus
34
Transfer students have higher
anxiety
35
Ratio of undergrads diagnosed/treated for mental disorder
1 in 4
36
Things contributing to mental disorder
- History of mental disorder
- ongoing psychiatric issues
- breakup
- financial pressure
- discrimination
- increased risk of other disorders
- minority status
37
% of people reported academic performance affected by depression
16%
38
More likely to receive mental health services when
on a campus with mental health clinics
39
Student diagnoses
- 25% psychiatric drugs
- 20% outpatient psychotherapy
- 4% inpatient
40
Age range less likely to seek mental care
18-24 year olds
41
Percentage of college students who may develop depression
15-40%
42
Key contributors to depression in college
- stress
- too little sleep
- academic and athletic pressure
43
Female depression
- twice as common (unless in same socioeconomic situations)
- Black women only report 10%
- underlying predisposition that puts at greater risk
44
Female brain chemistry and sex hormones affect
- less serotonin (communicator)
- register sadness more
- more sensitive to light/temp change
- more sensitive to own hormones
45
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PDD)
- depressive disorder
- week before menstruation
- 1.8-5.8% of women experience it
46
Male depression
- 1 in 14
- "under" disease: underdiscussed
- tremendous fatigue
- sense of being dead inside
- headaches
- attempts to self medicate
- alters brain chemistry
- 4x more kill themselves
47
Chronic stress does what in males
raises levels of stress hormone cortisol and lowers testosterone
48
Major depressive disorder
sadness that does not end, ongoing feelings of utter helplessness, half not recognized
49
Antidepressants
drugs used to treat symptoms of depression
50
Symptoms of major depressive disorder
- depressed
- losing interest
- eating more/less
- trouble sleeping
- feeling slowed down
- lack of energy
- feeling helpless
- difficulty thinking/concentrating
- persistent thoughts of death
51
Complementary approach
imagining positive events in the future, boost optimism
52
Most effective approach to help depression
combination of psychotherapy and medication
53
Psychotherapy
pinpoint life problems that contribute to depression
54
Cognitive behavioral/mindfulness therapy
take longer
55
Depression lasts
6-9 months
56
Present of depression to reoccour
80%
57
Bipolar disorder
severe depression alternating with periods of manic activity and elation, effect 4% population, professional therapy is essential
58
During manic episode
- make big plans
- no sleep needed
- talk more
59
During hypomanic episode
- elevated mood
| - abnormally increased energy
60
Bipolar in men
develop faster
61
Bipolar in women
higher rates overall
62
Bipolar syptoms
- mood swings
- changes in thinking
- changes in behavior
- changes in physical condition
63
Anxiety disorder
group of psychological disorders involving episodes of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness, stem from anticipation of danger
64
Phobias
anxiety disorder marked by an inordinate fear, results in extreme avoidance, most present type of anxiety, behavioral therapy best
65
Panic attacks
short episodes characterized by physical sensations, accompanied by inexplicable terror, peak at 10 minutes
66
Panic disorder
anxiety disorder where the apprehension of recurring panic attacks so intense that normal activity impaired
67
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
anxiety disorder characterized as chronic disease
68
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
anxiety disorder characterized by obsessions/compulsions that impair ability to function and form relationships
69
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
spectrum of difficulties in controlling motion and sustaining attention, most common mental disorder in children
70
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
1 in 68 children, boys 4-5x more likely, a neurodevelopmental disorder that causes social and communication impairments
71
Schizophrenia
most debilitating, impairs sense of reality, group of mental disorders with characteristic psychotic symptoms, W=late 20s, M=mid 20s
72
Suicide is the ___ leading cause of 10-24 year old deaths
third, whites at highest risk
73
Suicide for men
commit suicide 3-4x more
74
Suicide for women
attempt suicide more
75
Psychiatrists
licensed medical doctors with additional training in psychotherapy and treatment of mental disorder, can prescribe meds and make medical decisions
76
Psychologist
completed doctoral or grad program, not medically trained and do not prescribe meds
77
Certified social workers/licensed clinical social worker (LCSW)
two year grad program in counseling mental problems
78
Psychiatric nurse
nurses with special training and experience in mental health care
79
Marriage/family therapist
psychiatrists/psychologist/social worker specialized
80
Psychotherapy
treatment to produce a response by psychological rather than physical means, suggestions
81
Psychodymatic
interpreting behaviors in terms of early experiences and unconscious influences
82
Cognitive therapy
identify an individuals beliefs and attitudes and educate diff ways of thinking
83
Behavioral therapy
emphasizes application of principles of learning to sub desirable responses
84
Interpersonal therapy
to develop communication skills
85
Psychiatric drugs
meds that regulate a person's mind and functions to facilitate normal functioning
86
Agoraphobia
fear of situations that would be hard to escape
87
Drug given from schizophrenia
antipsycotics
88
SSRIs
drugs to treat OCD
