Chapter 3: Abdomen, Pelvis, and Perineum (continued 3)

Question 1

What is MALT?

Answer 1

throughout the intestine, the lamina propria is heavily infiltrated with macrophages and lymphocytes. Peyers patches are patches of MALT that are prominent in the ileum

Question 2

The longitudinal muscle of the large intestine is separated into 3 strands called what?

Answer 2

teniae coli

Question 3

Does the inner surface of the large intestine include plicae?

Answer 3

no plicae

Question 4

Are their crypts of Lieberkuhn in the large intestine?

Answer 4

yes short crypts

Question 5

What are haustra and why do they occur?

Answer 5

saccules in the colon that give it its segmented appearance

because the colon is longer than the bands of the teniae coli these ouchings occur giving colon its characteristic “caterpillar” appearance

Question 6

What is the major function of the colon?

Answer 6

reabsorption of fluid and electrolytes and temporary storage of feces

Question 7

What type of secretory cells do acini contain?

Answer 7

serous, mucous, or both types

Question 8

Serous cells in the salivary glands mainly secrete what?

Answer 8

secrete various proteins and enzymes

Question 9

Mucus cells secrete predominantly what type of secretions?

Answer 9

glycosylated mucins

Question 10

What are the 3 types of salivary glands?

Answer 10

submandibular, parotid, sublingual

Question 11

What are some functions of the salivary glands?

Answer 11

• initial triglyceride digestion (lingual lipase)
• initial starch digestion (α-amylase)
• lubrication

Question 12

Describe parasympathetic regulation of salivary glands?

Answer 12

inc. synthesis and secretion of watery saliva via musarinic receptor stimulation; anticholinergics > dry mouth

Question 13

Describe sympathetic regulation of salivary glands?

Answer 13

inc. synthesis and secretion of viscous saliva via B-adrenergic receptor stimulation

Question 14

Where does the parotid gland lie?

Answer 14

on surface of the masseter muscle in the lateral face in front of each external audiory meatus

Question 15

What types of secretions come from the parotid glands?

Answer 15

entirely serous salivary glands

Question 16

The parotids drain inside each cheek through which ducts?

Answer 16

Stensens ducts which open into the second upper molar tooth

Question 17

What type of secretions do the submandibular glands typically secrete

Answer 17

predominance of serous cells; so get a serous fluid mostly

Question 18

Where do the submandibular glands drain?

Answer 18

in the floor of the mouth near the base of the tongue through Wharton’s ducts

Question 19

Where do the submandibular glands lie?What type of glands are they?

Answer 19

at the base of the tongue, and are also mixed serous/mucous glands

Question 20

Where is the major site of mumps?

Answer 20

parotid glands

Question 21

What is the major site of rabies viruses?

Answer 21

parotid gland

Question 22

Why is the removal of benign tumors complicated if in the parotid gland?

Answer 22

because of the facial nerve traversing the gland

Question 23

What is the accessory duct of Santorini?

Answer 23

a persisting remnant of the proximal part of the dorsal pancreatic duct;

it is a persistent accessory duct with separate drainage into the duodenum

Question 24

In the acinus, the hepatocyes receiving the first blood flow (and the most O2 and nutrients) are found in which zone?

Answer 24

zone 1

Question 25

Which zone receives the least O2 and nutrients?

Answer 25

Zone 3

Question 26

Zone 3 of the hepatocyte is most susceptible to what type of injury?

Answer 26

injury by decrease oxygenation of blood or decreased BF into the liver

Question 27

Metabolic activity commonly associated with Zone I of the hepatocyte?

Answer 27

most involved in glycogen synthesis and plasma protein synthesis (albumin, coagulation factors and complement components)

Question 28

What metabolic activity is Zone 3 of the hepatocye most concerned with?

Answer 28

lipid, drug, and alcohol metabolism and detoxification

Question 29

Where are ito cells located?

Answer 29

mesenchymal cells that live in the space of Disse

Question 30

What is another name for Ito cells?

Answer 30

stellate cells

Question 31

What is the function of ito cells?

Answer 31

storage of fat-soluble vitamins, mainly vitamin A

Question 32

What layers does the gallbladder lack unlike the gut tube?

Answer 32

muscularis mucosae and submucosa

Question 33

What are the main functions of bile?

Answer 33

* absorption of fats from intestinal lumen * excretion * transport of IgA

Question 34

At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

Answer 34

at the L4 level

Question 35

What are the paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 35

middle suprarenals, renals, gonadals

Question 36

Where is the most common site for aneurysm of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 36

area between the renal arteries and bifurcation of the abdominal aorta

Question 37

What are symptoms of abdominal aneurysm?

Answer 37

decreased circulation to the lower limbs and pain radiating down the back of the lower limbs

Question 38

What is the most common site of an atherosclerotic plaque of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 38

at the bifrucation of the abdominal aorta

Question 39

The celiac artery passes above the superior border of the pancreas and then divides into what 3 retroperitoneal branches?

Answer 39

left gastric artery splenic artery common hepatic artery

Question 40

What areas of the body does the left gastric artery supply?

Answer 40

* esophageal branch to the distal one inch of the esophagus in the abdomen * most of the lesser curvature

Question 41

What are the distributions of the splenic artery?

Answer 41

* direct branches to the spleen * direct branches to the neck, body, and tail of pancreas * left gastroepiploic artery * short gastric artery

Question 42

What does the left gastroepiploic artery supply?

Answer 42

left side of the greater curvature of the stomach

Question 43

What does the short gastric branch of the splenic artery supply?

Answer 43

branches that supply the fundus of the stomach

Question 44

What are the 2 terminal branches of the common hepatic artery?

Answer 44

proper hepatic artery gastroduodenal artery

Question 45

What does the proper hepatic artery divide into?

Answer 45

right and left hepatic arteries

Question 46

What artery branches off the right hepatic artery to supply the gallbladder?

Answer 46

cystic artery

Question 47

What does the gastroduodenal artery divide into?

Answer 47

right gastroepiploic artery and the superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries.

Question 48

What does the right gastroepiploic artery supply?

Answer 48

the pyloric end of the greater curvature of the stomach

Question 49

What does the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supply?

Answer 49

supplies the head of the pancreas where it anastamoses with the inferior pancreaticoduodenal branches of the superior mesenteric artery

Question 50

Which artery may be subject to erosion by a penetrating ulcer of the posterior wall of the first part of the duodenum?

Answer 50

gastroduodenal artery

Question 51

Which artery may be subject to erosion by a penetrating ulcer of the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 51

left gastric artery

Question 52

Which artery may be subject to erosion by a penetrating ulcer of the posterior wall of the stomach into the lesser sac?

Answer 52

the splenic artery

Question 53

Be able to label the parts of the celiac artery as displayed in this image.

Answer 53

Refer to diagram