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Kaplan: Anatomy and Physiology Part II > Chapter 4: Upper Limb (continued) > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Upper Limb (continued) Flashcards

1
Q

Another name for median nerve damage caused by an injury at the elbow?

Where is the injury found to cause damage of the median nerve?

A

supracondylar fracture of the humerus

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2
Q

Do lesions of median nerve at the wrist present with hand of benediction?

A

no they don’t

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3
Q

What are some locations that can lead to ulnar nerve injury?

A

elbow (medial epicondyle), wrist (lacerations), or fracture of hook of hamate, clavicle fracture

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4
Q

What are some symptoms caused by fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus or inferior dislocation of the shoulder damaging the axillary nerve?

A
  • loss of abduction of the arm to the horizon
  • sensory loss over the deltoid muscle
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5
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve damage can lead to what symptoms?

A
  • loss of elbow flexion and weakness in supination
  • loss of sensation on lateral aspect of the forearm
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6
Q

What is the major typical symptom of injury to the long thoracic nerve?

A

“winged scapula”

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7
Q

An injury to the suprascapular nerve would cause what symptoms?

A
  • loss of shoulder abduction between 0 and 15 degrees (supraspinatus muscle)
  • weakness of lateral roation of shoulder (infraspinatus muscle)
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8
Q

What nerve roots carry the axillary nerve?

A

C5, C6

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9
Q

What nerve roots carry the musculocutaneous nerves?

A

C5, C6, C7

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10
Q

What nerve roots carry the radial nerve?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

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11
Q

What nerve roots carry the median nerve?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

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12
Q

What nerve roots carry the ulnar nerve?

A

C8, T1

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13
Q

Where is altered sensation found when there is damage to the axillary nerve?

A

lateral arm

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14
Q

Where is the altered sensation felt in one who has damage to the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

lateral forearm

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15
Q

Where is the altered sensation felt in one with radial nerve damage?

A

dorsum of hand over first dorsal interosseous and anatomic snuffbox

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16
Q

Where is the altered sensation felt in one with damage to the median nerve?

A

lateral 3 1/2 digits; lateral palm

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17
Q

Where is altered sensation found in one with ulnar nerve damage?

A

medial 1 1/2 digits; medial palm

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18
Q

Where is motor weakness found in those with axillary nerve damage?

A

abduction of shoulder

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19
Q

Where is motor weakness found in one with musculocutaneous nerve damage?

A

flexion of forearm

supination

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20
Q

Where is motor weakness found in those with radial nerve damage?

A

wrist extension

metacarpo-phalangeal extension

supination

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21
Q

Where is motor weakness found in those with median nerve damage?

A

wrist flexion

finger flexion

pronation

thumb opposition

22
Q

Where is motor weakness found in those with ulnar nerve damage?

A

wrist flexion

finger spreading

finger extension

thumb adduction

23
Q

Common sign of a radial nerve lesion?

A

wrist drop

24
Q

Common sign of a median nerve lesion?

A

ape hand

hand of benediction

ulnar deviation at wrist

25
Q

What is a common sign of lesion at ulnar nerve?

A

claw hand

radial deviation at wrist

26
Q

What are the causes of lesions at the axillary nerve?

A
  • surgical fracture of the humerus
  • dislocated humerus
27
Q

What are causes of lesions at musculocutaneous nerve?

A

rarely lesioned

28
Q

What are causes of lesions at radial nerve?

A
  • saturday night palsy
  • midshaft fracture of humerus
  • subluxation of radius
  • dislocated humerus
29
Q

What are causes of lesions of the median nerve?

A
  • carpal tunnel compression
  • supracondylar fracture of humerus
  • pronator teres syndrome
30
Q

What are the causes of ulnar nerve lesions?

A
  • fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus
  • fracture of hook of hamate
  • fracture of clavicle

Wrist lacerations?

31
Q

The subclavian artery is a branch of what arteries on the right and left side of the body?

A

branch of brachiocephalic trunk on the right and aortic arch on the left

32
Q

What locations on the body does the axillary artery run from?

A

from the 1st rib to the posterior edge of the teres major muscle

33
Q

What are the 3 major branches of the axillary artery?

A

lateral thoracic artery

subscapular artery

posterior humeral circumflex artery

34
Q

What does the lateral thoracic artery supply?

A

supplies mammary gland; runs with long thoracic nerve

35
Q

Where is the posterior humeral circumflex artery located? What nerve does it run with?

A

at surgical neck with axillary nerve

36
Q

The brachial artery runs with what nerve?

A

radial nerve

37
Q

Deep palmer arch is supplied by what artery?

A

radial

38
Q

Superficial palmer arch is supplied by what artery?

A

ulnar

39
Q

Examples of collateral circulation at the shoulder?

A

subscapular branch of axillary a and suprascapular branch of subclavian artery

40
Q

What is the tunnel in carpal tunnel bounded by?

A

anteriorly by the flexor retinaculum and posteriorly by the proximal row of carpal bones (lunate)

41
Q

What does the carpal tunnel transmit? What structures?

A

9 tendons and the radial and ulnar bursae

(4 tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis, 4 tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus, and the tendon flexor pollicis longus) and the median nerve

42
Q

Are there any blood vessels that go through the carpal tunnel?

A

no

43
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis (SITS)

44
Q

What tendon is commonly affected in rotator cuff injury?

A

supraspinatus

45
Q

Humeral surgical neck fracture could cause damage to what structures?

A

lacerate the posterior humeral circumflex artery and the axillary nerve

46
Q

What does a midshaft humeral fracture lead to? (What structures may be damaged?)

A

radial nerve and profunda brachii artery (brachial artery) injury

47
Q

What is the most frequently fractured of the carpal bones?

A

scaphoid bone

48
Q

How is avascular necrosis of scaphoid caused?

A

separation of the proximal portion scaphoid from its blood supply (which enters the bone at the distal head)

49
Q

What is the most commonly dislocated carpal bone?

A

lunate

50
Q

A fall on the outstretched hand may fracture the hamate which may cause damage to which nerve?

A

ulnar nerve as it passes into the hand

Kaplan: Anatomy and Physiology Part II (19 decks)

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