Chapter 3: Abdomen, Pelvis, and Perineum (continued 6)

Question 1

The pelvic and urogenital diaphragms are innervated by what nerve?

Answer 1

branches of the pudendal nerve

Question 2

What 2 areas of the body does the pelvic diaphragm separate?

Answer 2

separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum

Question 3

The pelvic diaphragm is formed by 2 layers of fascia and 2 muscles. What are they?

Answer 3

the levator ani and coccygeus

Question 4

The puborectalis muscle is a component of what muscle?

Answer 4

levator ani muscle

Question 5

What is the purpose of the puborectalis muscle?

Answer 5

important in fecal continence

Question 6

What areas of the body does the puborectalis muscle separate?

Answer 6

the boundary between the rectum and anal canal

Question 7

Where is the urogenital diaphragm located?

Answer 7

in the perineum inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

Question 8

What 2 muscles is the urogenital diaphragm formed by?

Answer 8

sphincter urethrae and deep transverse perineus muscles

Question 9

The urogenital diaphragm extends between what 2 bones?

Answer 9

the ischiopubic rami

Question 10

The urogenital diagphragm is penetrated by what structures in the male and female?

Answer 10

Male: urethra
Female: urethra and vagina

Question 11

The external urethral sphincter surrounds the prosthatic, membranous, or spongy urethra?

Answer 11

the membranous urethra

Question 12

Label the Image.

Answer 12

Refer to image.

Question 13

Label the image.

Answer 13

Refer to image

Question 14

What will patients with hyperplasia of the prostate often complain about?

Answer 14

An enlarged prostate gland will compress the urethra.

The patient will complain of the urge to urinate often and has difficulty with starting urination

Question 15

The ureter courses just medial or lateral to the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

Answer 15

ureter courses medial to the suspensory ligament

Question 16

What structure must be protected when ligating the ovarian vessels?

Answer 16

the ureter

Question 17

Support for the pelvic viscera is provided by what structures?

Answer 17

pelvic and urogenital diaphragms, perineal membrane, perineal body, and the transverse (cardinal) cervical and uterosacral ligaments

Question 18

Weakness of support for pelvic viscera can lead to what condition?

Answer 18

prolapse of the uterus into the vagina or herniation of the bladder or rectum into the vagina

Question 19

What is the position of the ureter in relation to the uterine artery?

Answer 19

ureter passes inferior to the uterine artery

Question 20

Label the image.

Answer 20

Refer to image.

Question 21

What is the perineum?

Answer 21

The diamond-shaped outlet of the pelvis located below the pelvic diaphragm

Question 22

Describe sensory and motor innervation of the perineum.

Answer 22

is provided by the pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4) or the sacral plexus

Question 23

What is blood supply to the perineum from?

Answer 23

the internal pudendal artery

Question 24

The anal canal is is surrounded by what fat filled fossa?

Answer 24

ischioanal fossa

Question 25

The external anal sphincter of the anal canal is innervated by what nerve?

Answer 25

pudendal nerve

Question 26

The urogenital triangle is divided into what type of spaces?

Answer 26

superficial and deep perineal spaces (pouches)

Question 27

Where is the location of the superficial perineal pouch in relation to the structures of the male perineum?

Answer 27

between the perineal membrane of the urogenital diaphragm and the superficial perineal (Colles') fascia

Question 28

The bulbourethral (Cowper) glands are located in the deep perineal or superficial perineal pouch?

Answer 28

the deep perineal

Question 29

The greater vestibular (Bartholin) glands are located in which perineal pouch in the female. Deep or superficial?

Answer 29

superficial

Question 30

Label the diagram.

Answer 30

Refer to diagram

Question 31

In the male, injury to the bulb on the penis may result in extravasation of urine from the urethra into which space?

Answer 31

superficial perineal space

Question 32

Because of injury to the bulb of the penis leading to extravasation of urine into the superficial perineal space, urine may ultimately pass into which structures?

Answer 32

the scrotum, into the penis, and onto the anterior abdominal wall in the plane deep to the Scarpa fascia

Question 33

The crura of the penis is continuous with what structure of the penis?

Answer 33

corpora cavernosa

Question 34

The bulb of the penis is continuous with what structure of the penis?

Answer 34

corpus spongiosum of the penis (contains urethra)

Question 35

What structures of the penis form the shaft of the penis?

Answer 35

corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosus

Question 36

The crura of the clitoris is continuous with which structure of the clitorus?

Answer 36

corpora cavernosa of the clitoris

Question 37

Bulbs of vestibule in the female perineum are separated from the vestibule by what structure?

Answer 37

labia minora

Question 38

T/F. Urethra and vagina empty into the vestibule.

Answer 38

True.

Question 39

T/F. Duct of the greater vestibular glands in the female perineum enters the vestibule?

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What nerve innervates the sk. muscles in the pelvic and urogenital diaphragms?

Answer 40

pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4) ventral rami

Question 41

Label the diagram.

Answer 41

Refer to the diagram

Question 42

What is the tunica albuginea?

Answer 42

the dense fibrous capsule that surrounds the testis

Question 43

Where in the testis are spermatozoa produced?

Answer 43

seminiferous tubules

Question 44

Label the diagram.

Answer 44

Refer to diagram.

Question 45

What is the blood-testis barrier formed by? What does it protect?

Answer 45

tight junctions between Sertoli cells and protects primary spermatocytes and their progeny

Question 46

Where are the spermatogonia located in the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 46

adjacent to the basement membrane

Question 47

As the spermatogonia cells develop they move from what parts of the seminiferous tubule to what parts?

Answer 47

basal to luminal side of the tubule