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Kaplan: Anatomy and Physiology Part II > Chapter 3: Abdomen, Pelvis, and Perineum (continued 6) > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Abdomen, Pelvis, and Perineum (continued 6) Flashcards

1
Q

The pelvic and urogenital diaphragms are innervated by what nerve?

A

branches of the pudendal nerve

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2
Q

What 2 areas of the body does the pelvic diaphragm separate?

A

separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum

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3
Q

The pelvic diaphragm is formed by 2 layers of fascia and 2 muscles. What are they?

A

the levator ani and coccygeus

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4
Q

The puborectalis muscle is a component of what muscle?

A

levator ani muscle

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the puborectalis muscle?

A

important in fecal continence

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6
Q

What areas of the body does the puborectalis muscle separate?

A

the boundary between the rectum and anal canal

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7
Q

Where is the urogenital diaphragm located?

A

in the perineum inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

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8
Q

What 2 muscles is the urogenital diaphragm formed by?

A

sphincter urethrae and deep transverse perineus muscles

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9
Q

The urogenital diaphragm extends between what 2 bones?

A

the ischiopubic rami

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10
Q

The urogenital sphincter is penetrated by what structures in the male and female?

A

Male: urethra
Female: urethra and vagina

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11
Q

The external urethral sphincter surrounds the prosthatic, membranous, or spongy urethra?

A

the membranous urethra

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12
Q

Label the Image.

A

Refer to image.

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13
Q

Label the image.

A

Refer to image

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14
Q

What will patients with hyperplasia of the prostate often complain about?

A

An enlarged prostate gland will compress the urethra.

The patient will complain of the urge to urinate often and has difficulty with starting urination

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15
Q

The ureter courses just medial or lateral to the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

A

ureter courses medial to the suspensory ligament

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16
Q

What structure must be protected when ligating the ovarian vessels?

A

the ureter

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17
Q

Support for the pelvic viscera is provided by what structures?

A

pelvic and urogenital diaphragms, perineal membrane perineal body, and the transverse (cardinal) cervical and uterosacral ligaments

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18
Q

Weakness of support for pelvic viscera can lead to what condition?

A

prolapse of the uterus into the vagina or herniation of the bladder or rectum into the vagina

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19
Q

What is the position of the ureter in relation to the uterine artery?

A

ureter passes inferior to the uterine artery

20
Q

Label the image.

A

Refer to image.

21
Q

What is the perineum?

A

The diamond-shaped outlet of the pelvis located below the pelvic diaphragm

22
Q

Describe sensory and motor innervation of the perineum.

A

is provided by the pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4) or the sacral plexus

23
Q

What is blood supply to the perineum from?

A

the internal pudendal artery

24
Q

The anal canal is is surrounded by what fat filled fossa?

A

ischioanal fossa

25
Q

The external anal sphincter of the anal canal is innnervated by what nerve?

A

pudendal nerve

26
Q

The urogenital triangle is divided into what type of spaces?

A

superficial and deep perineal spaces (pouches)

27
Q

Where is the location of the superficial perineal pouch in relation to the structures of the male perineum?

A

between the perineal membrane of the urogenital diaphragm and the superficial perineal (Colles’) fascia

28
Q

The bulbourethral (Cowper) glands are located in the deep perineal or superficial perineal pouch?

A

the deep perineal

29
Q

The greater vestibular (Bartholin) glands are located in which perineal pouch in the female. Deep or superficial?

A

superficial

30
Q

Label the diagram.

A

Refer to diagram

31
Q

In the male, injury to the bulb on the penis may result in extravasation of urine from the urethra into which space?

A

superficial perineal space

32
Q

Because of injury to the bulb of the penis leading to extravasation of urine into the superficial perineal space, urine may ultimately pass into which structures?

A

the scrotum, into the penis, and onto the anterior abdominal wall in the plane deep to the Scarpa fascia

33
Q

The crura of the penis is continuous with what structure of the penis?

A

corpora cavernosa

34
Q

The bulb of the penis is continuous with what structure of the penis?

A

corpus spongiosum of the penis (contains urethra)

35
Q

What structures of the penis form the shaft of the penis?

A

corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosus

36
Q

The crura of the clitoris is continuous with which structure of the clitorus?

A

corpora cavernosa of the clitoris

37
Q

Bulbs of vestibule in the female perineum are separated from the vestibule by what structure?

A

labia minora

38
Q

T/F. Urethra and vagina empty into the vestibule.

A

True.

39
Q

T/F. Duct of the greater vestibular glands in the female perineum enters the vestibule?

A

True

40
Q

What nerve innervates the sk. muscles in the pelvic and urogenital diaphragms?

A

pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4) ventral rami

41
Q

Label the diagram.

A

Refer to the diagram

42
Q

What is the tunica albuginea?

A

the dense fibrous capsule that surrounds the testis

43
Q

Where in the testis are spermatozoa produced?

A

seminiferous tubules

44
Q

Label the diagram.

A

Refer to diagram.

45
Q

What is the blood-testis barrier formed by? What does it protect?

A

tight junctions between Sertoli cells and protects primary spermatocytes and their progeny

46
Q

Where are the spermatogonia located in the seminiferous tubules?

A

adjacent to the basement membrane

47
Q

As the spermatogonia cells develop they move from what parts of the seminiferous tubule to what parts?

A

basal to luminal side of the tubule

Kaplan: Anatomy and Physiology Part II (19 decks)

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