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Kaplan: Anatomy and Physiology Part II > Chapter 5: Lower Limb > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

The femoral nerves come from which division of the spinal nerves?

A

posterior division L2 through L4

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2
Q

Obturator nerve forms from what division of the spinal nerves?

A

anterior divisions of L2 through L4

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3
Q

Tibial nerve is formed from what divisions of the spinal nerves?

A

anterior divisions of L4 through S3

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4
Q

Common fibular nerve is formed from what division of the spinal nerves?

A

posterior divisions of L4 through S2

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5
Q

The superior gluteal nerve is formed from what division of the spinal nerves?

A

posterior division L4 through S1

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6
Q

The inferior gluteal nerve is formed from what divisions of the spinal nerves?

A

posterior divisions of L5 through S2

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7
Q

The sciatic nerve is formed from a combination of what 2 nerves?

A

the tibial and common fibular nerves

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8
Q

What does the common fibular nerve divide into?

A

in the proximal leg into the superficial and deep fibular nerve

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9
Q

What are the muscles innervated by the femoral nerve?

A

anterior compartment of thigh (quadriceps femoris, sartorius, pectineus)

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10
Q

What are the primary actions of the muscles that are innervated by the femoral nerve?

A

extend knee

flex hip

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11
Q

What are the muscles that are innervated by the obturator nerve?

A

Medial compartment of the thigh (gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, anterior portion of adductor magnus)

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12
Q

What are the muscles innervated by the tibial nerve?

A

posterior compartment of thigh (semimembranosus semitendinosus, long head of biceps femoris, posterior portion of adductor magnus

posterior compartment of leg (gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior)

Plantar muscle of foot

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13
Q

What are the muscles innervated by the common fibular nerve?

A

short head of the biceps femoris

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14
Q

What muscle are innervated by the superficial fibular nerve?

A

lateral compartment of leg (fibularis longus, fibularis brevis)

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15
Q

What are the muscles innervated by the deep fibular nerve?

A

anterior compartment of leg (tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis extensor digitorum, fibularis tertius)

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16
Q

Primary actions of muscles innervated by the obturator nerve?

A

adduct thigh

medially rotate thigh

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17
Q

Primary actions of muscles innervated by the tibial nerve?

A

flex knee
extend thigh

plantar flex foot (S1-S2)
flex digits
inversion

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18
Q

Primary actions of the muscles innervated by the common fibular nerve?

A

to flex knee

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19
Q

What are the primary action of the muscles that innervate the superficial fibular nerve?

A

eversion

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20
Q

What are the primary actions of the muscles innervated by the deep fibular nerve?

A
  • dorsiflex foot (L4-L5)
  • extend digits
  • inversion
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21
Q

What are the collateral nerves of the lumbosacral plexus?

A
  • superior gluteal nerve
  • inferior gluteal nerve
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22
Q

What are the primary muscles innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?

A

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae

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23
Q

What are the primary actions of the superior gluteal nerve?

A
  • stabilize pelvis
  • abduct hip
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24
Q

What are the primary muscles innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

gluteus maximus

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25
Q

What is the action of the muscles innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve?

A
  • extension of hip
  • lateral rotation of thigh
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26
Q

Muscles that cross the anterior side of the hip are innervated by which nerve roots?

A

L2 and L3

27
Q

Muscles that cross the anterior side of the knee are innervated by which nerve roots?

A

L3 and L4

28
Q

Muscles that cross the anterior side of the ankle are innervated by which nerve roots?

A

L4 and L5 (dorsiflexion)

29
Q

Muscles that cross the posterior side of the hip are innervated by what nerve roots?

A

L4 and L5

30
Q

Muscles that cross the posterior side of the knee are innervated by which nerve roots?

A

L5 and S1

31
Q

Muscles that cross the posterior side of the ankle are innervated by which nerve roots?

A

S1 and S2 (plantar flexion)

32
Q

Most frequently damaged nerve of the lower limb?

A

common fibular nerve

33
Q

What are 2 signs of damage to common fibular nerve?

A
  • foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion at ankle
  • loss of eversion
34
Q

Piriformis muscle syndrome?

A

caused by compression of common fibular nerve by piriformis muscle when the nerve passes through piriformis instead of inferior to the muscle with the tibial nerve.

35
Q

A sign of superior gluteal nerve damage?

A

“Trendelenburg gait” when there is an impairment of gait and patient cannot keep pelvis level when standing on one leg

36
Q

Damage of the femoral nerve may lead to sensory loss over what areas of the body?

A

sensory loss on the anterior thigh, medial leg, and foot

37
Q

Damage to obturator nerve may cause sensory loss over what area of the body?

A

medial thigh

38
Q

Damage to the sciatic nerve may cause sensory loss to what area of the body?

A

posterior thigh, leg (except medial side), and foot

39
Q

Damage to the tibial nerve may cause sensory loss where?

A

sensory loss on the leg (except medial) and plantar foot

40
Q

Deep fibular nerve damage can cause loss of sensation in what parts of the body?

A
  • skin of the 1st web space between the great and second toes
41
Q

Damage of the superficial fibular nerve can cause sensory loss on which part of the lower limb?

A

anterolateral leg and dorsum of the foot, except for the first web space

42
Q

How is the sciatic nerve often damaged?

A

following posterior hip dislocation

43
Q

In general, damage to the sciatic nerve can lead to sensory and motor deficits in which compartment of the thigh?

A

posterior compartment

44
Q

Damage to the sciatic nerve can lead to damage of all functions above or below the knee?

A

all functions below the knee

45
Q

The superficial fibular nerve supplies sensory innervation to which part of the body?

A

lateral leg and dorsum of the foot; with exception of the first dorsal web space

46
Q

Which nerve supplies the 1st dorsal webs space?

A

deep fibular nerve

47
Q

What nerve supplies the sole of the foot?

A

lateral and medial plantar branches of the tibial nerve

48
Q

The sural nerve supplies which areas of the lower limb?

A

posterior leg and lateral side of the foot

49
Q

The saphenous nerve supplies which part of the lower limb?

A

medial leg and medial foot

50
Q

Saphenous nerve is a branch from which nerves?

A

femoral nerve

51
Q

The obturator artery supplies which part of the lower limb?

A

the medial compartment of the thigh

52
Q

The external iliac artery gives rise to what major arteries?

A

femoral artery and popliteal artery

53
Q

Another name for the deep femoral artry?

A

profunda femoris artery

54
Q

What are the major parts of the profunda femoris artery?

A
  • medial circumflex femoral artery
  • lateral circumflex femoral artery
  • perforating arteries
55
Q

What does the medial circumflex artery supply?

A

supplies head of femur (avascular necrosis)

56
Q

What do the perforating arteries supply?

A

posterior compartment of the thigh

57
Q

What does the popliteal artery supply?

A

the knee joint

58
Q

The anterior tibial artery courses with what nerve?

A

deep fibular nerve in anterior compartment of the leg

59
Q

Importance of the dorsalis pedis artery?

A

pulse on dorsum of foot lateral to extensor hallucis longus tendon used to note quality of blood supply to foot

60
Q

The posterior tibial artery courses with what nerve?

A

tibial nerve

61
Q

The posterior tibial artery passes posterior or anterior to the medial malleolus?

A

posterior to

62
Q

The fibular artery supplies what compartment of the leg?

A

lateral compartment of the leg

63
Q

What are branches of the posterior tibial artery?

A
  • fibular artery
  • plantar arterial arch
  • lateral plantar artery
  • medial plantar artery
64
Q

Tibial shaft fractures can cause lacerations of the anterior or posterior tibial arteries, producing what condition?

A

compartment syndrome

Kaplan: Anatomy and Physiology Part II (19 decks)

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