Chapter 3 (Bioenergetics) - Powers

Question 1

This fluid portion of the cell contains the organelles of the cell.

Answer 1

cytoplasm

Question 2

Endergonic reactions

Answer 2

require energy to be added

Question 3

Exergonic reactions

Answer 3

release energy

Question 4

Coupled reactions

Answer 4

liberation of energy in an exergonic reaction drives an endergonic reaction

Question 5

What type of reaction is the breakdown of glucose?

Answer 5

exergonic

Question 6

What type of reactions are oxidation-reduction reactions?

Answer 6

coupled

Question 7

In cells, oxidation-reduction reactions often involve the transfer of what atom?

Answer 7

hydrogen (one electron)

Question 8

What is the primary mechanism through which enzymes speed up reactions?

Answer 8

lowers activation energy required for the reaction

Question 9

What are the primary factors affecting enzyme activity?

Answer 9

temperature, pH

Question 10

What are the primary fuels for exercise?

Answer 10

carbohydrates and fat

Question 11

Which enzyme breaks down ATP?

Answer 11

ATPase…not exactly rocket science

Question 12

ATP is composed of what?

Answer 12

adenine, ribose, three linked phosphates

Question 13

What are the three mechanisms for ATP production?

Answer 13

phosphocreatine, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation

Question 14

Which mechanisms for ATP formation are anaerobic?

Answer 14

phosphocreatine and glycolysis

Question 15

Which mechanisms for ATP production are aerobic?

Answer 15

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 16

Which enzyme catalyzes the phosphocreatine system?

Answer 16

creatine kinase

Question 17

What is the requirement of the energy investment phase of glycolysis?

Answer 17

2 ATP

Question 18

What are the products of the energy generation phase of glycolysis?

Answer 18

4 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate or 2 lactate

Question 19

What are the electron acceptors?

Answer 19

NAD and FAD

Question 20

Oxygen is normally available in the mitochondria to accept hydrogens from NADH produced in glycolysis. In anaerobic conditions, what is the adaptation?

Answer 20

pyruvic acid accepts hydrogen and electrons from NADH to form lactic acid

Question 21

Kreb’s cycle (citric acid cycle)

Answer 21

aerobic ATP production, completes the oxidation of substrates and produces NADH and FADH to enter the electron transport chain

Question 22

____ accepts the hydrogens from NADH and FADH to form _____.

Answer 22

Oxygen, water

Question 23

What molecule enters the Kreb’s cycle?

Answer 23

acetyl CoA

Question 24

The Chemiosmotic Hypothesis of ATP Formation

Answer 24

electron transport chain results in pumping of hydrogen ions across inner mitochondrial membrane, results in hydrogen gradient across the membrane, energy released to form ATP as hydrogens diffuse back across membrane

Question 25

Aerobic ATP production results in how many molecules of ATP per NADH and FADH?

Answer 25

2.5 ATP per NADH and 1.5 ATP per FADH

Question 26

Aerobic metabolism of 1 molecule of glucose yields how many ATP?

Answer 26

32 ATP

Question 27

Aerobic metabolism of 1 molecule of glycogen yields how many ATP?

Answer 27

33 ATP

Question 28

What is the overall efficiency of aerobic respiration (production of ATP)?

Answer 28

34%

Question 29

How does high levels of ATP affect ATP production?

Answer 29

inhibits

Question 30

How does high levels of ADP (low levels of ATP) affect ATP production?

Answer 30

stimulates

Question 31

Does oxidative phosphorylation occur inside or outside the mitochondria?

Answer 31

inside

Question 32

Does glycolysis occur inside or outside the mitochondria?

Answer 32

outside

Question 33

Rate-limiting enzyme of ATP-PC system.

Answer 33

creatine kinase

Question 34

Rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis.

Answer 34

phosphofructokinase

Question 35

Rate-limiting enzyme of Kreb’s cycle.

Answer 35

isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 36

Rate-limiting enzyme of ETC.

Answer 36

cytochrome oxidase

Question 37

1 MET =

Answer 37

3.5 mLO2/kg/min

Question 38

1 L O2 =

Answer 38

5 kcal