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Psych 2005 (Section 5) > Chapter 3: Biopsychology > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Biopsychology Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

theory of evolution by natural selection

A

those suited for enviornmental survival/reproductions

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2
Q

chromosomes

A

threads inside cell nucleus that carry genes

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3
Q

DNA

A

vomplex molecule that vontains genetic information

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4
Q

Genes

A

gentic magterial, composed of dna

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5
Q

genotype

A

genetic material

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6
Q

phenotype

A

physical traits

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7
Q

dominant - recessive gene

A

will “win” when paired w/ recessive gene
- must inherit 2 copies of recessiive gene to show trait

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8
Q

polygenic

A

characteridtic is product of interaction of many diff. genes

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9
Q

mutatation

A

sudden, permananet change in a gene
- ex: raditation

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10
Q

range of reaction

A

genes set up a range of possibili; environment determines outcome w/in that range

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11
Q

genetic environmental correlation

A

genes influence environment and environemt influences expression of genes

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12
Q

passive gene-environment correlation

A

association b/w genotype a child inherits from their parents and the enviromen tthe child is raised

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13
Q

evocative (reactive) gene environmental correlation

A

individual’s (heritable) beh evokes an evvironmental response

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14
Q

active gene-environmental correkation

A

person has a heritable inclinatio to select environmental exposure

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15
Q

epigenics

A

studies how same genotypes expressed in diff. ways
- idnetical twins w/ diff. health outcomes

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16
Q

nervous system

A

allows for communication in brain/rest of body

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17
Q

neuron

A

basic unit of nervous system

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18
Q

glial cells

A

scaffolding for neurons may aid in memory/clear debris

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19
Q

semipermeable cells

A

small/uncharged molecules can pss through

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20
Q

dendrites

A

recieve info transports to cell body

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21
Q

cell body (soma)

A

keeps neurons alive; decides if it will fire action potential threshold

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22
Q

axon

A

carries impulse away from body

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23
Q

synaptic vesicles

A

sacks of chemical/neurotransmitters

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24
Q

neurotransmitters

A

released by transmitting neuron; cuases changes imn receiving neuron

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25
myelin sheath
fatty insulation on axons; like pearls on a string
26
nodes of ranvier
sections of axon where myelin sheath is thin/absent
27
action potential
impulse that travels from cell body to end of axon
28
synaptic cleft
tiny space between neurons
29
receptors
molecule in membrane of receiving neuron
30
excitatory
next neuron is likely to fire action potential
31
inhibitory
next neuron is less likely to fire action potential
32
all or none response
neuron either fires or doesnt
33
reuptake
extra neurotansmittes are reabsorbed by releasing neuron
34
refractiry period
cant fire another action potention
35
psychotropic medications
any drug that affects beh/mood/thought/perception
36
acetylcholine
muscle action/memory/increaded arousal/cognition
37
dopamine
mood/sleeping/learning/pleasure/suppresed appetite
38
GABA
brain function/sleep/decreased anxiety/tension
39
glutamate
major excitatory neujrotransmitter (released about 90% of the brain's neurons) - memory/learning
40
norepinephrine
heart/intestines/alertness/arousal/supp appetite
41
serotonin
mood/sleep/modulate mood/suppressded appetite
42
agonists
similar in strucre/binds to receptors sites and produces same effect
43
antagonist
similar enight but blocks action of neurotransmitter
44
CNS
brain/spinal cord
45
PNS
all other neurons that send signals to cns
46
sensory neurons
body to cns
47
motor neurons
cns to bodym
48
somatic
skeltetal (conneted to sensory receptors and skeletal muscles) -ON PURPOSE
49
autonomicon
digesting food, sweatig, etcc.. - AUTOMATIC
50
sympathetic
fight/fligt
51
parasympathetic
rest/digestsp
52
[spinal cord
extension of brain -reflexes
53
neuroplasticity
adaptibilty of nervous system - thoughts make brain bigger
54
cerebral cortex
outer layer of brain
55
lateralization
hemispheres have separate areas of specialization
56
corpus callosum
large band of neural fibers connecting hemispheres; carries messgaes
57
forebrain structures
largest part of brain - cerebral cortesx divided iunto 4 sections q
58
frontol lobes
front og brain just under skull
59
motor cortex
produces voluntary movement (emotion/plans/creativity/initiative)
60
prefrontol cortex
reasoning, decision making, planning, judgement
61
phineas gage
rod throguh prefrontal cortex
62
brocas areas
speech production - can undertsan other/can say anything
63
parietal lobes
top of head/toward back
64
somatosensory cortex
info about touvh, pain, pressure, temperature
65
temporal lobes
around temples of head - sound is processed here first
66
auditory cortex
processes sounds
67
wernickles areas
language proccesing - can speak/ cant undertsand others
68
occipital lobes
back of head
69
primary visual cortex
processes visual info - damage here can make you go blind
70
thalmus
officer for all sesnes exceot smell= - decides where to send sensory info to the brain
71
olfactoy bulb
lies near areas involved in emotion/smell is processed here
72
limbic system
structures invilved w/ emotions and motivated beh
73
amyglada
evaluates sincomign sensory info (quick yes/no decison)
74
hypothalamus
survival: hunger/thrist/ reproductions (body temp: autonomic system):h
75
hippocampus
short-term to long term memory - HM (henry molaison) got it removed and couldnt form longtert memoreies
76
midbrain
sturcute b/w forebrain and hindbrain
77
reticular formation
screeens incominmg info, alerts higher sensors if somethig needs attentionm
78
hindbrain
transition between spinal colrd/brain
79
medulla
unconscious body processes - where the crossover of nerves happens
80
pons
sleping/waking/dreaming - keeps you relatively motionless while slepping
81
cerrebellum
on top of brain stem at th back of brain - contributes t sennse of balance/coordinating muscles
82
lesion studies
portion of brain is damaged to see what changes
83
EEG
usually pasted/taped to scalp - detect activity of neurons in brain
84
PET scan
record biochemical cgnages in brain as they hnappen - person is given glucose
85
MRI
powerful magnetic fields/radio frequencies produce vibrations in the nuclei of atomd that make up oir organs
86
fMRI
ultrafast and cna capture brian changes many times a second a s a person does a task
87
TMS
delivers a large current through wir placed in geas \ - can turn part of brain on/off
88
endocrine system
series of glands throughoiut bdy that produce/release hormones
89
hormones
chemicals releases by glands - direct/indirect effects on bidy shape, functioning - not alwyas chenically distinct from neurotransmitters
90
pituitary gland
releases hormone that have direct effects
91
melatonin
biological rhythms/promites sleeps
92
oxytocin
work w/ vasopressin to promotes attachment/trust
93
adrenal hormones
fight/flight response

Psych 2005 (Section 5) (9 decks)

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