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Psych 2005 (Section 5) > Chapter 4: States of Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 4: States of Consciousness Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

consciousness is

A

our awareness of internal/external stimuli

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2
Q

sleep is

A

state marked by relatively low levels of physical activity/reduced sensory awareness

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3
Q

wakefulness is

A

characterized by high levels of sensory awareness, thought, beh

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4
Q

biological rhythms are

A

internal rhythms of biological activity

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5
Q

circadian rhythm is

A

what people often refer to as your body’s internal, biological clock
- the typical human circadian rhythm occurs on a cycle of about 24 hours
- functions on BODY TEMP (body increases in the morning/throughout the day but decreases in the evening/at night)

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6
Q

biological clock is a process that …

A

process which facilitates sleeping, aging, fertility, other physiological activities

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7
Q

melatonin

A

triggered by darkness/causes drowsines

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8
Q

pineal gland

A

brightness supresses release of melatonin from this gland (feel more awake in daytime)

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9
Q

homestasis is

A

maintaining of balance/optimal level w/in a biological system

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10
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A

brain’s clock mechanism; located in hypothalamus

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11
Q

sleep regulation

A

brain’s control of switching between sleep/wakefulness, coordinatig this cycle w/ outside world

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12
Q

jet lag is

A

systoms that result from mismatch b/w our internal circadian cycle and our environment
- fatigue, insomnia, sluggy, irritable

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13
Q

insomnia

A

consistent difficulty in falling alseep/staying awake for at least 3 nights a week over a months time

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14
Q

rotating shift work

A

work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily/weekly basis

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15
Q

sleep debt

A

negative outcomes associated w/ sleep deprivation

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16
Q

recommended hours of sleep

A

0-1 years: 14-17
6-13 years: 9-11
14-17 years: 8-10
24-64 years: 7-9
65+ years: 7-8 years:

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17
Q

sleep dep causes

A

weight gain, risk for high blood pressure, heart problems, worse immune system

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18
Q

sleep rebound

A

a sleep-dep person will tent to take a shorter amount of time to fall asleep during opporutinies for sleep

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19
Q

evolutionary psych says

A

studies show hpw universal patterns of beh/cognitive processes have evolved over time
- hypothesis 1: sleep restores resources that are expended
- hypothesis 2: sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predators

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20
Q

benefits of sleep

A

healthy weight, low stress, high motor cordination, benefits of cognition/memory function

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21
Q

the bad effects of not getting enough sleep cause cognitive functions like …

A

sleep dep results in disruption in cognitive memory deficits , which lead to impaired ability to make good decisions, have good long term memory

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22
Q

rapid eye movement (rem)

A

darting movements of eyes under closed eyelids

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23
Q

non-rem (nrem)

A

has 4 stages that are distinguished from each other and wakefulness by characteristic patterns of brain waves

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24
Q

stage 1 sleep

A

phase b/w wakefulness and sleep
- slowed heartbeat/breathing
- muscle tension + body temp lowered

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25
alpha waves
low freuncy, high amplitude (relaxed yet awake person)
26
theta waves
lower frequency, higher amplitude than alpha
27
stage 2
state of deep relaxation - theta waves interupted by brief sleep spindles
28
sleep spindle
rapid burst of higher frequency brain waves that may be important for learning/memory
29
k-complex
very high amplitute pattern of brain activity that may occur in repsosne to environmental stimuli; might serve as bridge to higher levels of arousal in repsonse to whats going on in our environment
30
stage 3/4
deep-sleep/slow-wave sleep - low frequency, high amp delta waves
31
delta waves
lowest frequency/highest amp of sleeping waves
32
during rem, the brain waves are similar to those of an __ person... + this is where __ occurs
awake; dreaming - dreams also iccur for longer than a few seconds
33
paradoxical sleep
combo of high brain activity/lack of muscle tone (movement)
34
rem rebound
people deprived of rem sleep who are then allowed to sleep w/o disturbance will spend more time in rem to recover lost time in rem
35
freud thoguht __ provide access to unconsciousness
dreams - said they represented what the unconscious wanted in disguised form
36
manifest content
actual content/storyline
37
latent content
hidden meaning
38
jung believed dreams allowed us to tap into __
collective unconscious
39
collective unconscious
a store of info he believed everyone was born with
40
activation-synthesis theory
developed by alan hobson/robert mccarley and sais that dreams reflect sleeping brain's attempt to make sense of random/internally generated neural signals during rem sleep
41
cartwright's neurocognitive theory of dreaming
dreams are reflections of waking lif/meaningful product of our cognitive capacities
42
insomnia caused by
stress, relationship problems, medications, illness, caffeine, napping during day, etc...
43
sleepwalking
acts like fully awake person - 15-30% of children - 4-5% of adults
44
rem sleep behavior disorder
physicallt act out vivid/unpleasant dreams w/ vocal sounds/sudden violent arm/leg movement
45
night terrors
diff from nightmares - waking up in intense terror w/ no memory of dream/reason why (hard to soothe)
46
sleep apnea
prob breathing during sleep
47
obstructuve sleep apnia
airways repatedly partially/completely blocked during sleep
48
central sleep apnia
brain forgets to tell you to breathe b/c of issues w/ respiratory control center
49
sids
infant stops breathing/dies - lay baby on back when sleeping w/ no items in crib to prevent this
50
narcolepsy
sudden sleep lasting from few seconds to several minutes (not common-as long as an hour)
51
cataplexy
loss of muscle tone - mucles become limp and can occur to healthy people during rem sleep`
52
psychoactive drugs
chemicals similar to those found naturallt in our brains that alter consciousness by chaing chem processes in neurons
53
diagnosis
often uses more substance than originally intended
54
physicla dependence
take drug to avoid withdrawl symptoms
55
psychological depence
motivated by intense cravings
56
tolerance
need to sonsume higher amound to achive intoxation
57
withdrawl
symptoms cuased by stopping/reducing intake of drug
58
depressants
suprress cns activity
59
alcohol
low amounts= relax/good mood/lots of talking/impaired judgement high amounts= slowed thinking/bad coordination/possible increase in aggression
60
stimulants
increase overall levels of neural activity
61
cocaine
snorting/injection/smoking = blocks dopamine neurotransmitter by blocking reuptake of dopamine
62
meth
anti[hetamine that increses wakefulness/p. e./rapid heartbeat/high blood pressure
63
opiods
heroin/morphine/methadone/codeine - decreases pain (body makes neurotransmitters like these in small amount to decrease oain naturally)
64
mediation
focus on 1 thing to increase awareness of the moment

Psych 2005 (Section 5) (9 decks)

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