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Psych 2005 (Section 5) > Chapter 9: Lifespan Development > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Lifespan Development Flashcards

1
Q

developmental psych

A

study of age-related changes in physical, cognitive, and social dev - from conception to death

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2
Q

three domains

A

dev is a liflong process that can be stgudied scientifically across 3 dev domains

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3
Q

physical dev

A

growth/changes in body/brain, senses motor skills, health/wellness

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4
Q

cognitive dev

A

learning, attention, memory, lanaguage, thinking, reasoning, and creativty

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5
Q

psychosocial dev

A

emotions, personality, and social relationship

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6
Q

normative approach

A

what normal dev is
- compare indiv dev to group averages

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7
Q

dev milestones

A

specific normative events when children walk, talk, etc..

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8
Q

continous dev

A

involves gradual, ongoig changes thu out lfe span w. beh in earlier stagtes provide basis of skills/abilities required for next stages

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9
Q

discontinous dev

A

distinct and sep stages (step-wise increase) w/ diff kinds of beh occurin in each sgtage
- suggest that cdrtain abailities in eahc stage like specific emotions or ways of thinking, jave definite standing/ending point

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10
Q

middle ground

A

some characterisitics are continuous and some are discontinous

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11
Q

is there 1 course of dev or many

A

is dev essentially the same for all kids (one coujrse) or does dev follow a diff course for each kid, depending on kid’s geentics and environment (many courses)

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12
Q

nature

A

genetic profile, biological influjeneces were born w/

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13
Q

nurture

A

environmental factors that shape dev
- not an either or; relative weight (how much determined by genes/environment)

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14
Q

psychosexual theory of development

A

personaloty is mostly estblished by age of 5

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15
Q

fixation

A

remaining preoccupied w/ issues of earlier dev stage

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16
Q

psychosocial theory of development is

A

emphasizes social nature of our dev

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17
Q

trust vs mistrust

A

cafreguvers who are responsible/sensitve help baby devllop semse of trust

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18
Q

autonomy vs shame/doubt

A

main task = working to establish independence

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19
Q

iniative vs guilt

A

initating activities and asserting control ove their world thru social interactions/play

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20
Q

initiative vs inferiority

A

begin to compare themselves to others

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21
Q

identiy vs confusion

A

main task = dev a sense of oneself

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22
Q

intimacy vs isolation

A

ready to share info w/ others

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23
Q

generativity vs stagnation

A

main task = work/contribute to dev of other thru activitieslike volunteering/mentoring

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24
Q

integrity vs despair

A

reflect on life

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25
Q

cogniive theory of dev

A

piaget’s stage theory involve changes in cognitive procxess/abilities
- cognitive dev is quantitive; think diff as we grow up

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26
Q

schematas AKA schemas

A

categories of knowledge
- help us understand/interpret world
- know what to expect (liek going to restaurant)
(cog theory of dev)

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27
Q

assimilation

A

process of taking new info in our prev existing schems
- child ADDING info to schema about what they already know about dogs
(cog theory of dev)

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28
Q

accomodations

A

chaning/altering our existing schemas iin light if new info
- kid have to create new schema when child leafrns that cats are not dogs
(cog theory of dev)

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29
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

birth - 2
- infant try to make sense of world

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30
Q

object permanence

A

kids undertsandinmg that ob jects continue to exist when they cant be seen/heard
(sensorimotor stage)

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31
Q

animism

A

belief that everythinhg is alive
(sensorimotor stage)

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32
Q

preopeational stage

A

2 - 7
- langauge dev

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33
Q

conservation

A

properties of an object, such as mass and volume, stay the same even though objects appearnaces change
(preoperational stage)

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34
Q

egocentrism

A

inability to take on perspective of others
- donmt undertsand othersw cant see what they see/experience world differently than they do
(preoperational stage)

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35
Q

concrete operations

A

7 - 11
- kids get better ubderstanding of mentla operations (can think logically)

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36
Q

reversibility

A

awareness that actions/relationships b/w mental categories can be reversed
(concrete operations)

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37
Q

formal operational stage

A

12 - adult
- think abiut abstract concepts

38
Q

postformal stage

A

decisions made based on situations and circumstances (logic is integrated w/ emotion as adults develop principles depending on context)

39
Q

lev vygotsky’s scafffolding

A

support for learning/problem solving that encourage independence, growth

40
Q

zone of proximal dev

A

ZPD level at which kids almost, NOT FULLY comprehend w/out help

41
Q

lawrence loldberg theory of moral reasoning: level 1- preconventional morality

A

dont have a personal code of morality

42
Q

moral code

A

shpaed by standards of adults/consequences of following/breaking their rules

43
Q

level 2 - conventional morality

A

begin to internalize moral standards of valued adult role models

44
Q

level 3 -post-conventional morality

A

indiv judgement is based on self chosen principles and moral reasining is based on indiv rights/justice
- only 10-15% of ppl are capable of this

45
Q

prenatal dev

A

starts at gametes

46
Q

gametes

A

sex cells that form a new cell at conception

47
Q

zygote

A

new cell formed by union of egg/sperm cells

48
Q

germinal stage

A

fertilization (2 weeks)
- begins w/ conception

49
Q

conception

A

sperm/ovum unite in fallopian tubes

50
Q

placenta

A

connection b/w mother and fetus
- oxygen/nourishment via umbilical cord

51
Q

wht forms the embryo

A

inner cells

52
Q

embryonic stage

A

2-8 weeks
- embryo

53
Q

ectoderm

A

outer layer; skin, nervous system

54
Q

endoderm

A

inner layer; visversa

55
Q

mesoderm

A

middle layer; muscle and bone

56
Q

neural tube

A

later devs into cns

57
Q

at 8 weeks has everythin except

A

sex organs

58
Q

fetal stage

A

8 weeks - birth
- embryo know as fetus

59
Q

prenatal care

A

medical care durin g pregnancy

60
Q

teratogens

A

harmful environmental elements that affect fetus

61
Q

too young/too old pregnant

A

more likely to have premature/lolw ekight baby

62
Q

thalidomide

A

presribed for morning sickness
-led to phocomelia

63
Q

phocomelia

A

stunted growth in long bones of body

64
Q

smoking reduces

A

oxygen to fetus

65
Q

alcohol leads to

A

fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
- heart defects, body makforms, dev delays
- most common form of non-genetic dev delays in US

66
Q

newborn reflexes

A

reflexive beh presented at birth

67
Q

rooting reflex

A

touch infant on cheek they will turn and open mouth

68
Q

moro reflex

A

if infant feels theyre flaling will arch backs, throw head back, arms out, and will bring the back to center line of body

69
Q

attachment

A

motional tie w/ another perszon

69
Q

secure base

A

parent presense makes kid feel comfortable eniught to explore surroundings

70
Q

ainsworth’s strange situation

A

observe child/caregiver in diff situations

71
Q

secure attach,ments

A

some distress on separation; happy when reunited w/ parent

72
Q

avoidant attach,ment

A

avoid parent; no distess on leaving

73
Q

ambivalent/resistant attachment

A

very distress when parent leaves, want to reestablish contact but is angry while doing so

74
Q

disorganized attachment

A

confusing mix of beh (parent kis inconsisten - kids doesnt know what to expect)

75
Q

self concept

A

sense of self as separate; ideas about the self

76
Q

mirrot test

A

see if kid recognize itself w/ makeup on its face

77
Q

demandiingness

A

how strict parent is

78
Q

responsiveness

A

hgow emotionally available parent is

79
Q

authorative style

A

hig demands, high hugh responsiveness

80
Q

authoritarian style

A

high demands, lolw emotions (dictator)

81
Q

pessimive (indulgent) style

A

low demands, high responsiveness
(creates a chloe = brat)

82
Q

uninvolved style

A

low demands, low respoinsiveness
(ben from never have i ever)

83
Q

adolescence

A

transitional period b/w childhood and adulthood
- associated w/ teenage yrs

84
Q

puberty

A

rapid physical cnhages that take place primarily in adolescence
- capable of reproduction afterwards

85
Q

adrenarche

A

increase in androgen production from adrenal glands, resulting in bodily changes

86
Q

gonadarche

A

maturation of the gonads

87
Q

primary sexual characteristics

A

involve chnages directly related to reproduction

88
Q

secondary sexual characteristics

A

involve bodil changes that make us look more male or female

89
Q

menarche

A

1st period

90
Q

spermarche

A

1st ejaculation

91
Q

growth spurt

A

rapid increase in height

Psych 2005 (Section 5) (9 decks)

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