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Psych 2005 (Section 5) > Chapter 9: Lifespan Development > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Lifespan Development Flashcards

1
Q

developmental psych

A

study of age-related changes in physical, cognitive, and social dev - from conception to death

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2
Q

three domains

A

dev is a liflong process that can be stgudied scientifically across 3 dev domains

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3
Q

physical dev

A

growth/changes in body/brain, senses motor skills, health/wellness

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4
Q

cognitive dev

A

learning, attention, memory, lanaguage, thinking, reasoning, and creativty

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5
Q

psychosocial dev

A

emotions, personality, and social relationship

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6
Q

normative approach

A

what normal dev is
- compare indiv dev to group averages

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7
Q

dev milestones

A

specific normative events when children walk, talk, etc..

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8
Q

continous dev

A

involves gradual, ongoig changes thu out lfe span w. beh in earlier stagtes provide basis of skills/abilities required for next stages

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9
Q

discontinous dev

A

distinct and sep stages (step-wise increase) w/ diff kinds of beh occurin in each sgtage
- suggest that cdrtain abailities in eahc stage like specific emotions or ways of thinking, jave definite standing/ending point

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10
Q

middle ground

A

some characterisitics are continuous and some are discontinous

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11
Q

is there 1 course of dev or many

A

is dev essentially the same for all kids (one coujrse) or does dev follow a diff course for each kid, depending on kid’s geentics and environment (many courses)

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12
Q

nature

A

genetic profile, biological influjeneces were born w/

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13
Q

nurture

A

environmental factors that shape dev
- not an either or; relative weight (how much determined by genes/environment)

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14
Q

psychosexual theory of development

A

personaloty is mostly estblished by age of 5

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15
Q

fixation

A

remaining preoccupied w/ issues of earlier dev stage

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16
Q

psychosocial theory of development is

A

emphasizes social nature of our dev

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17
Q

trust vs mistrust

A

cafreguvers who are responsible/sensitve help baby devllop semse of trust

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18
Q

autonomy vs shame/doubt

A

main task = working to establish independence

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19
Q

iniative vs guilt

A

initating activities and asserting control ove their world thru social interactions/play

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20
Q

initiative vs inferiority

A

begin to compare themselves to others

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21
Q

identiy vs confusion

A

main task = dev a sense of oneself

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22
Q

intimacy vs isolation

A

ready to share info w/ others

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23
Q

generativity vs stagnation

A

main task = work/contribute to dev of other thru activitieslike volunteering/mentoring

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24
Q

integrity vs despair

A

reflect on life

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25
cogniive theory of dev
piaget's stage theory involve changes in cognitive procxess/abilities - cognitive dev is quantitive; think diff as we grow up
26
schematas AKA schemas
categories of knowledge - help us understand/interpret world - know what to expect (liek going to restaurant) (cog theory of dev)
27
assimilation
process of taking new info in our prev existing schems - child ADDING info to schema about what they already know about dogs (cog theory of dev)
28
accomodations
chaning/altering our existing schemas iin light if new info - kid have to create new schema when child leafrns that cats are not dogs (cog theory of dev)
29
sensorimotor stage
birth - 2 - infant try to make sense of world
30
object permanence
kids undertsandinmg that ob jects continue to exist when they cant be seen/heard (sensorimotor stage)
31
animism
belief that everythinhg is alive (sensorimotor stage)
32
preopeational stage
2 - 7 - langauge dev
33
conservation
properties of an object, such as mass and volume, stay the same even though objects appearnaces change (preoperational stage)
34
egocentrism
inability to take on perspective of others - donmt undertsand othersw cant see what they see/experience world differently than they do (preoperational stage)
35
concrete operations
7 - 11 - kids get better ubderstanding of mentla operations (can think logically)
36
reversibility
awareness that actions/relationships b/w mental categories can be reversed (concrete operations)
37
formal operational stage
12 - adult - think abiut abstract concepts
38
postformal stage
decisions made based on situations and circumstances (logic is integrated w/ emotion as adults develop principles depending on context)
39
lev vygotsky's scafffolding
support for learning/problem solving that encourage independence, growth
40
zone of proximal dev
ZPD level at which kids almost, NOT FULLY comprehend w/out help
41
lawrence loldberg theory of moral reasoning: level 1- preconventional morality
dont have a personal code of morality
42
moral code
shpaed by standards of adults/consequences of following/breaking their rules
43
level 2 - conventional morality
begin to internalize moral standards of valued adult role models
44
level 3 -post-conventional morality
indiv judgement is based on self chosen principles and moral reasining is based on indiv rights/justice - only 10-15% of ppl are capable of this
45
prenatal dev
starts at gametes
46
gametes
sex cells that form a new cell at conception
47
zygote
new cell formed by union of egg/sperm cells
48
germinal stage
fertilization (2 weeks) - begins w/ conception
49
conception
sperm/ovum unite in fallopian tubes
50
placenta
connection b/w mother and fetus - oxygen/nourishment via umbilical cord
51
wht forms the embryo
inner cells
52
embryonic stage
2-8 weeks - embryo
53
ectoderm
outer layer; skin, nervous system
54
endoderm
inner layer; visversa
55
mesoderm
middle layer; muscle and bone
56
neural tube
later devs into cns
57
at 8 weeks has everythin except
sex organs
58
fetal stage
8 weeks - birth - embryo know as fetus
59
prenatal care
medical care durin g pregnancy
60
teratogens
harmful environmental elements that affect fetus
61
too young/too old pregnant
more likely to have premature/lolw ekight baby
62
thalidomide
presribed for morning sickness -led to phocomelia
63
phocomelia
stunted growth in long bones of body
64
smoking reduces
oxygen to fetus
65
alcohol leads to
fetal alcohol spectrum disorders - heart defects, body makforms, dev delays - most common form of non-genetic dev delays in US
66
newborn reflexes
reflexive beh presented at birth
67
rooting reflex
touch infant on cheek they will turn and open mouth
68
moro reflex
if infant feels theyre flaling will arch backs, throw head back, arms out, and will bring the back to center line of body
69
attachment
motional tie w/ another perszon
69
secure base
parent presense makes kid feel comfortable eniught to explore surroundings
70
ainsworth's strange situation
observe child/caregiver in diff situations
71
secure attach,ments
some distress on separation; happy when reunited w/ parent
72
avoidant attach,ment
avoid parent; no distess on leaving
73
ambivalent/resistant attachment
very distress when parent leaves, want to reestablish contact but is angry while doing so
74
disorganized attachment
confusing mix of beh (parent kis inconsisten - kids doesnt know what to expect)
75
self concept
sense of self as separate; ideas about the self
76
mirrot test
see if kid recognize itself w/ makeup on its face
77
demandiingness
how strict parent is
78
responsiveness
hgow emotionally available parent is
79
authorative style
hig demands, high hugh responsiveness
80
authoritarian style
high demands, lolw emotions (dictator)
81
pessimive (indulgent) style
low demands, high responsiveness (creates a chloe = brat)
82
uninvolved style
low demands, low respoinsiveness (ben from never have i ever)
83
adolescence
transitional period b/w childhood and adulthood - associated w/ teenage yrs
84
puberty
rapid physical cnhages that take place primarily in adolescence - capable of reproduction afterwards
85
adrenarche
increase in androgen production from adrenal glands, resulting in bodily changes
86
gonadarche
maturation of the gonads
87
primary sexual characteristics
involve chnages directly related to reproduction
88
secondary sexual characteristics
involve bodil changes that make us look more male or female
89
menarche
1st period
90
spermarche
1st ejaculation
91
growth spurt
rapid increase in height

Psych 2005 (Section 5) (9 decks)

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