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Psych 2005 (Section 5) > Chapter 8: Memory > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Memory Flashcards

1
Q

memory

A

persistence of learning over time through storgae and retrieval

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2
Q

encoding

A

changing incoming sensory stimuli into form for usage and storage

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3
Q

automatic processing

A

processing info w/out effort

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4
Q

effortful processing

A

requires attention and effort

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5
Q

semantic coding

A

encode meaning of word and relate it to similar words

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6
Q

visual encoding

A

encoding of images

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7
Q

acoustic encoding

A

encoding of sounds
-membering fav song

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8
Q

semantic coding gives __ memory than visual or acousitc coding

A

better

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9
Q

self-reference effect

A

info that relates to oneself is remembered batter

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10
Q

storage

A

maintenance of encoded info ever time

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11
Q

stage model of memory

A

often used to explain the basic structute and fucntion of memory (atkinson/shiffrin)

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12
Q

sensory memory

A

brief storage of incoming sensory information

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13
Q

iconic memory

A

sensory memory for visual information

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14
Q

echoic memory

A

sensory memory for auditory info
- nasking someone to repate but heard processes it by the tume they say it again

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15
Q

we attend to __ asoects of sensiry memory

A

certain; not all at once

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16
Q

shorterm memory

A

info currrently aware of; thinking about\
- miller’s magic: 7 +/- 2 (7 pieces of info)
- most info stored in active mem kept for ~ 20-30 seconds

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17
Q

working mem

A

processes used to temp store, organize, manipuklate information, (short term)

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18
Q

rehearsal

A

conscious rfepetition of info to be remembered (short term)

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19
Q

longterm mem

A

continuning stirage of info (outside conscious awareness)(can kast entire life)(always learn new info)

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20
Q

explicit mem

A

intentionakky trying to remem something (long term)

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21
Q

declarative mem

A

consciuslt recall/explain info (long term)

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22
Q

episodic mem

A

lomg term mem of specific events
- episodes form life like diary entries (explicit mem)

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23
Q

semantic mem

A

fact, concepts, names, and other general info (not tied to specific time or place)(explicit mem)

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24
Q

implicit mem (nondeclarative mem)

A

dont purposely try to remem
- both unconscious and unintentional
- not able to easily put into words

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25
procedural mem
how to perform a specific task
26
priming
being exposed to info makes related info easier to remem/process
27
emotionakl condiitoning
learned emotional rxn to various stimuli -many of our fears have been classically conditioned
28
retrieval
bringing stored memorires into conscious awareness
29
recall
access info previouslt learbed w/ minimal cues (retrieval)
30
recognition
indentifyin info previously learned (retrieval)
31
relearning
relatively quiker accquisition of info previously learned (retrieval)
32
lashleys search for the engram
specific part of brain where mem is stored
33
localized
stored in a specific area of brain - decided that memoris are not localized but instead spread thoughout cerebral cortex
34
equipotentiality hypothesis
if part of one area involved in memory of brain is damaged, another part of the smae area can take over that memory function
35
amygdala
stress hormones cuase amygdala to activiate memiry traces in frontal lobes/basal ganglia increase activity in areas that help form memories (why we tend to remem events that ahev strong that help emotional component more vividly)
36
flashbulb memories
a clear mem of an emotionaly significant moment/event
37
more we remem something, more __ likely to creep in from other sources of information
errors
38
_ mem are stored using your frontal lobes and hippocampus
explicit mem
39
mem consolidation
eventual movement of explicit memories from hippocampus to cerebral cortex
40
__ helos us consoliate memory
sleep - while we sleep hippocampus process memories so they may be retrieved later
41
cerebellum/prefrontal cortex
cere records implicit mems while prefront cortex is need for explicit memories
42
neurotransmitters
epinephrine, dopamine, seratonin, glutamtem and actylcholine critical for development of new memories
43
traumatic brain injury
skull makes sudden collison w/ another object (frontol/temporal lobes)
44
amnesia
loss of mem due to brain injury/trauma
45
anterograde amnesia
loss of mem for events after injury - generally from surgucal injury/diseases
46
retrograde amnesia
loss of mem for events before injury - old; retro memories last
47
memory construction/reconstruction
formationtion of new memories/process of retrieving old memories - fill in details in process of remem - get gist mostly; some details are wrong
48
suggestibility
effets of misinfo from external sources leading to creation of false memories
49
eyewitness misidentification
rates higher than ppl think
50
misinfo effect paradigm
incorporating misleading info into one's memory of an event
51
types of forgettig
loss of info from long term memory
52
encoding failure
info never made it to long term mem in 1st place
53
transience
accesibility of mem decreases ofver tome
54
storage decay
theory siggests that over time, these mem traces begin to fade/disappear
55
absentmindedness
forgetting causes b y lapses in attention (arent guven the right cues to help retrieve it) - forgetting why walked into room
56
blocking
accessability of info is temp blocked - a good cue for one person may not be a good cue for another
57
tip of the tongue experience
feel certain info is stored in ,mem but unable toaccess it/retrieve it
58
kids exceptionally suscptible
cant remem where they got an idea
59
source misattribution aka source amnesia
ppl forget when/where/how they got obtained info
60
bias
mem distorted by crrent belief systems
61
persistance
inability to forget undesireable memories
62
interference
some memories compete and interfere w/ other memories
63
proactive interference
old mem makes it more diff/impossible to remem a new memory (projects into future - new hard to retrieve)
64
retroactive interference
new mem interferes w/ ability to remem old memory (retreats into past - old hard to retrieve)
65
motivatged forgetting
actively work to forgte memories especially traumatic/disturbing
66
suppression
conscious form of forgetting - memory still there - trying not to think of it
67
repression
unconscious form of forgetting - memory is gone
68
chunking
process of taking indiv units of info (chunks) and grouping them into larger units
69
elaborative rehearsal
think about meaninhof new info and relate it to info already in memory (thiking it through)
70
mnemonic devices
memory aid, especially those that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
71
method of loci
imagine places of familarity to help you memorize
72
massed vs distributed practice - spacing effect
tendency for distributed study/practice to yield better long term retention than is acheived through massed study/practice
73
distributed, aka spaced practice
encoding in several instances spread out over time

Psych 2005 (Section 5) (9 decks)

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