Flashcards in Chapter 35- Nervous System Deck (26):
1
Anatomy
The science of the shape and structure of organisms
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Cells
The structural and functional units of all living organisms
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Organ
A group of different tissues with a specific job
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Organ system
A group of organs that work together to perform a specific job
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Homeostasis
The ability of an organism or cell to maintain homeostasis
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What is the function of the nervous system
It receives and then sends out information about your body. It also monitors changes and keeps the heart beating
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Neuron
Specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses. It’s electrical and chemical. The messages that are constantly traveling through your body are carried by neuron or nerve cell
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Explain resting and action potential
There are resting spots on axons there are also sodium and potassium pumps on the axons. The sodium/potassium ions becoming negative and positive create nerve impulses. When the sodium channels close The potassium ions leave which make the action potential crash. The action potential occurs at depolarization
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The synapse
The axon terminal meets another neuron at dendrites
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3 types of neurons
Sensory
Interneuron
Motor
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What do the sensory neurons do
They conduct impulses toward the brain/spinal cord
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The brain
Is a organ of soft nervous tissue that functions as the coordinating center of sensation and intellectual and nervous activity. It’s covered in 3 layers of connective tissue that nourishes and protects it called the meninges. The cerebral fluid is found there
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Two main divisions of nervous system
Peripheral
Central
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The peripheral system
Outside the central nervous system. It includes the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and the ganglia
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The two parts of the peripheral system
1. Sensory division
2. Motor division
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The sensory division
Impulses go from sense organs to central nervous system
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The motor division
Impulses go from the central nervous system to muscles and glands
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Two parts of motor division
1. Somatic nervous system; conscious controlincludes movement of skeleton and muscles
2. The autonomic system; unconscious control
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Sensory receptors
Cells that recieve messages from their surroundings
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What does the autonomic nervous system control
The heart rate, blood flow, stimulates sweat and adrenal glands and peristalsis
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What are the sense organs
Eyes
Nose
Mouth
Inner ears
Skin
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5 types of sensory receptors
1. Pain receptors: respond to damaged cells
2. Thermoreceptors: in skin, body core, and hypothalamus
3. Mechanoreceptors: in skin, skeletal muscles, and inner ears
4. Chemoreceptors: in the nose and tastebuds
5. Photoreceptors: in eyes
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The eyes are
Organs that detect light and convert it to electrochemical impulses in neurons
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Two types of photoreceptors
Rods and cones
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Largest sense organ
Skin
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