Chapter 4 - Atherosclerosis

Question 1

Atheroma word origin

Answer 1

Greek - Athere = porridge-like gruel

Question 2

Theories of atherosclerosis

Answer 2

1) lipid hypothesis
2) response to injury hypothesis
3) monoclonal hypothesis

Question 3

Protein on VLDL, IDL and LDL

Answer 3

ApoB-100

beta-electrophoretic mobility

Question 4

Pathogenesis of familial hypercholesterolemia

Answer 4

LDL does not bind
failure to suppress HMG CoA

Nobel Prize 1985 for Goldstein and Brown

Question 5

Shear stress and NO relationship

Answer 5

Laminar shear increases eNOS –> NO production

less adhesion molecule expression
less SMC migration

Question 6

Shear stress and superoxide dismutase

Answer 6

High shear –> express superoxide dismutase –> catabolizes superoxide anion O2- –> reduce oxidative stress

Question 7

REVERSAL and ASTEROID trials

Answer 7

statin treatment to reduce LDL can reverse some atherosclerotic disease

Question 8

Mechanisms of vessel thrombosis from a atherosclerotic plaque

Answer 8

1) complete fracture
2) intraplaque hemorrhage
3) neovascularization and proliferation of vasa vasorum
4) apoptosis of endothelial cells
5) erosion of calcified nodule through intima