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Anatomy > Chapter 4-Skin And Body Membranes > Flashcards

Chapter 4-Skin And Body Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 functions of body membranes

A

. Cover body surfaces
. Line body cavities
. Form protective sheets around organs

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2
Q

How are body membranes classified

A

Tissue types

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of tissue types

A

. Epithelial membranes

. Connective tissue membranes

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4
Q

What is the 3 types of epithelial membranes

A

. Cutaneous
. Mucous
. Serous

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5
Q

What is the 1 type of connective tissue membrane

A

. Synovial

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6
Q

What are the 2 things about cutaneous membranes

A

. Dry membrane

. Outermost protective boundary

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7
Q

What are the 2 things that make up the cutaneous membrane

A

. Epidermis

. Dermis

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8
Q

What is the epidermis made of

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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9
Q

What is the dermis made of

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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10
Q

What is the 1 thing about mucous membranes

A

They are moist

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11
Q

Where are mucous membranes

A

All body cavities that are open to the exterior body surface

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12
Q

What are the 2 functions of mucous membranes

A

Absorption and secretion

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13
Q

What are mucous membranes made of

A

Epithelium and loose connective tissue

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14
Q

Where are serous membranes

A

Open body cavities closed to the exterior of the body

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15
Q

What are the 3 things about serous membranes

A

. Occur in pairs
. Separated by serous fluid
. Have 2 layers

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16
Q

What are the 2 layers of serous membranes

A

. Visceral

. Parietal

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17
Q

What are the 2 things serous membranes are made of

A

. Simple squamous epithelium

. Areolar connective tissue

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18
Q

What are the 3 specific serous membranes

A

. Peritoneum
. Pleura
. Pericardium

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19
Q

Where is peritoneum membranes found

A

Abdominal cavity

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20
Q

Where is pleura membranes found

A

The lungs

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21
Q

Where is pericardium membranes found

A

The heart

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22
Q

What are synovial membranes made of

A

Loose areolar connective tissue

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23
Q

Where are synovial membranes found

A

Fibrous capsules surrounding joints

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24
Q

What do synovial membranes do

A

Secrete a lubricating fluid to cushion organs during muscle activity

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25
Q

What 2 tissues make the skin

A

. Epidermis

. Dermis

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26
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer of tissue under the skin

A

Hypodermis

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27
Q

What does the hypodermis do

A

Anchors the skin to underlying organs

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28
Q

What is the hypodermis made of

A

Mostly adipose tissue

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29
Q

What are the 2 functions the hypodermis does

A

. Serves as shock absorber

. Insulates deeper tissue

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30
Q

What is the epidermis is capable of

A

Being hard and tough

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31
Q

What are the 3 things about the epidermis

A

. Outer layer
. Avascular
. Composed of 5 layers

32
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial

A 
. Basale
. Spinosum
. Granulosum
. Lucidum
. Corneum
33
Q

What are the 2 things about the stratum basale

A

. Deepest layer of epidermis

. Lies next to the dermis

34
Q

What does the wavy borderline with the dermis do

A

Anchors the 2 together

35
Q

The cells in the stratum basale are undergoing what

A

Mitosis

36
Q

Why are the daughter cells in the stratum basale pushed upward

A

To become the more superficial layers

37
Q

What happens to the stratum spinosum

A

Cells become flatter and more keratinized

38
Q

What are stratum granulosum and lucidum formed from

A

Dead cells of the deeper strata

39
Q

Where are stratum granulosum and lucidum found

A

Only in thick, hairless skin of the palms and soles of feet

40
Q

The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of what

A

The epidermis

41
Q

The shingle like dead cells of the stratum corneum are filled with what

A

Keratin

42
Q

What 3 pigments contribute to skin color

A

. Melanin
. Carotene
. Hemoglobin

43
Q

What is melanin

A

Yellow, reddish brown or black pigments

44
Q

What is carotene

A

Orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables

45
Q

What is hemoglobin

A

Red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries

46
Q

What is redness (erythema) to the skin due from

A

Embarrassment, inflammation, hypertension, fever or allergy

47
Q

What is pallor (blanching) of the skin due from

A

Emotional stress, anemia, low blood pressure or impaired blood flow to an area

48
Q

What does jaundice (yellow cast) indicate

A

Liver disorder

49
Q

What are bruises (black and blue marks)

A

Hematomas

50
Q

What type of glands are all cutaneous glands

A

Exocrine

51
Q

What are the 2 types of cutaneous glands

A

. Sebaceous

. Sweat

52
Q

Where are sebaceous glands located

A

All over the skin except palms or soles

53
Q

What does sebaceous glands produce

A

Sebum

54
Q

What are the 3 things sebum does

A

. Makes skin soft
. Prevents hair from becoming brittle
. Kills bacteria

55
Q

What are the 2 places sebaceous gland ducts empty

A

. Hair follicles

. Onto skin surface

56
Q

When are sebaceous glands activated

A

Puberty

57
Q

What do sweat (sudorierous) glands do

A

Produce sweat

58
Q

What are the 2 types of sweat glands

A

. Eccrine

. Apocrine

59
Q

Where are eccrine glands located

A

Ducts to sweat pores on the skins surface

60
Q

What type of sweat does eccrine glands produce

A

Acidic

61
Q

What is the function of eccrine glands

A

Body temperature regulation

62
Q

Where do apocrine ducts empty

A

Hair follicles in the armpit and genitals

63
Q

When do apocrine glands begin to function

A

Puberty

64
Q

What does the sweat from apocrine glands contain

A

Fatty acids and proteins

65
Q

Where does hair grow

A

Matrix of the hair bulb in stratum basale

66
Q

What are the 3 layers of hair from deepest to most superficial

A

. Medulla
. Cortex
. Cuticle

67
Q

What is the hair follicle made of

A

Epithelial root sheath and fibrous sheath

68
Q

What does the dermal region provide in the hair follicle

A

Blood supply to the hair bulb

69
Q

What does the arrector pili do in the hair follicle

A

Connects to the hair follicle to pull hairs upright when we are cold or frightened

70
Q

What are nails

A

Heavily keratinized, scalelike modifications of the epidermis

71
Q

Why are the nails colorless

A

Lack of pigment

72
Q

What is tissue damage and cell deaths cause by

A

. Heat
. Electricity
. UV radiation
. Chemicals

73
Q

What are the 2 things about first degree burn

A

. When only the epidermis is damaged

. Skin is red and swollen

74
Q

What are the 3 things about second degree burn

A

. Epidermis and superficial part of dermis are damaged
. Skin is red, painful and blistered
. Regrowth of epithelium occurs

75
Q

What are the 3 things about third degree burns

A

. Destroys epidermis and dermis
. Requires skin grafts
. Brined area is blanched or black

Anatomy (7 decks)

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