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Anatomy > Chapter 3- Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 3- Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are tissues

A

Groups of cells with similar structure and function

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2
Q

What are the 4 primary types of body tissue

A

. Epithelial tissue
. Connective tissue
. Muscle tissue
. Nervous tissue

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3
Q

What are the general locations of epithelial tissue

A

. They cover and line body surfaces and found in glands

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4
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of epithelial tissue

A

. Often form sheets from one free surface
. Avascular
. Regenerate easily if we’ll nourished

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5
Q

What are the 2 classifications of epithelia

A

.The number of cell layers

. Shape of cells

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of epithelia

A

. Simple

. Stratified

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7
Q

How many layers does simple epithelia have

A

One layer

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8
Q

How many layers does stratified epithelia have

A

More than one layer

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9
Q

What are the 3 shapes of epithelia

A

. Squamous
. Cuboidal
. Columnar

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10
Q

What do squamous epithelia look like

A

Flattened like fish scales

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11
Q

What do cuboidal epithelia look like

A

Cube shaped like dice

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12
Q

What do columnar epithelia look like

A

Shaped like columns

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13
Q

What are the 2 things about simple squamous epithelium

A

. Single layer of flat cells

. Functions in diffusion and filtration

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14
Q

Where are the 3 locations of simple squamous epithelium

A

. Air sacs of lungs
. Walls of capillaries
. Organs in ventral cavity

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15
Q

What are the 2 things about simple cuboidal epithelium

A

. Single layer of cube like cells

. Functions in secretion and absorption

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16
Q

Where are the 3 locations of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

. Glands
. Kidneys
. Ovaries

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17
Q

What are the 2 things about simple columnar epithelium

A

. Single layer of tall cells

. Functions in secretion and absorption

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18
Q

Where are the 2 locations of simple columnar epithelium

A

. Lining of digestive tract

. Lining body cavities opening to the exterior

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19
Q

What do goblet cells do

A

Secrete mucus

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20
Q

What are the 2 things about pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

. All cells rest on a basement membrane

. Single layer but some cells are shorter than others

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21
Q

What are the functions of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Absorption and secretion

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22
Q

Where is the location of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Respiratory tract where it is ciliated

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23
Q

What are the 2 things about stratified squamous epithelium

A

. Most common stratified epithelium

. Named for cells present at the free surface

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24
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Serves as a protective covering where friction is common

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25
Q

What are the 3 locations of stratified squamous epithelium

A

. Lining of the skin, mouth and esophagus

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26
Q

What is transitional epithelium composed of

A

Modified stratified squamous epithelium

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27
Q

What does the shape of transitional epithelium cells depend on

A

The amount of stretching

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28
Q

What are the 2 functions of transitional epithelium tissue

A

. Stretching

. Ability to return to normal shape

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29
Q

Where are the locations of transitional epithelium tissue

A

Lining of urinary system organs

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30
Q

What are the 2 major gland types that develop from epithelial sheets

A

. Endocrine

. Exocrine

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31
Q

What are the 2 things about endocrine glands

A

. Ductless

. Secretions diffuse into blood vessels

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32
Q

What do exocrine glands do

A

. Secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface

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33
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of connective tissue

A

. Found everywhere in the body to connect body parts
. Most abundant and widely distributed
. Variations in blood supply
. Extracellular matrix

34
Q

What are the 2 variations in blood supply in connective tissue

A

. Vascularized

. Avascular

35
Q

What is extracellular matrix

A

Nonliving material that surrounds living cells

36
Q

What’s are the 3 types of fibers in extracellular matrix

A

. Collagen
. Reticular
. Elastic

37
Q

What is areolar connective tissue

A

. Soft, pliable tissue like cobwebs

38
Q

What are the 2 functions of areolar connective tissue

A

. Packing tissue to hold organs

. Soaks up excess fluid

39
Q

Where can you find areolar connective tissue

A

Tissue called lamina Propria underlies all membranes

40
Q

What is adipose connective tissue

A

An areolar tissue in which adipose (fat) cells dominate

41
Q

What are the 3 functions of adipose connective tissue

A

. Insulates the body
. Protects some organs
. Serves as a site of fuel storage

42
Q

What are the 3 locations of adipose connective tissue

A

. Subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin
. Protects organs
. Fat deposits

43
Q

What is reticular connective tissue

A

Delicate network of interwoven fibers with reticular cells

44
Q

What is the function of reticular connective tissue

A

. To form the stroma (internal framework) of organs

45
Q

What are the 3 locations of reticular connective tissue

A

. Lymph nodes
. Spleen
. Bone marrow

46
Q

What are the 2 things about dense regular connective tissue

A

. Main matrix element is collagen fiber

. Fibroblasts are cells that make fibers

47
Q

What are the 3 functions of dense regular connective tissue

A

. Withstand great tensile strength
. Attach muscle to bone
. Attach bone to bone

48
Q

Where are the 2 locations of dense regular connective tissue

A

. Tendons

. Ligaments

49
Q

What are the 2 things about vascular tissue

A

. Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix known as blood plasma
. Soluble fibers are visible only during clotting

50
Q

What is the function of vascular tissue

A

Transport for the cardiovascular system

51
Q

What is the 2 locations for vascular tissue

A

. Blood vessels

. Heart

52
Q

What are the 3 things osseous tissue is composed of

A

. Osteocytes
. Hard matrix of calcium salts
. Large numbers of collagen fibers

53
Q

What are the functions of osseous tissue

A

To protect and support the body

54
Q

What is the location of osseous tissue

A

In bone

55
Q

Cartilage is what

A

Less hard and more flexible than bone

56
Q

What is the major cell type in cartilage

A

Chondrocyte

57
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage

A

. Hyaline Cartilage
. Fibrocartilage
. Elastic cartilage

58
Q

What is the most wide spread type of cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage

59
Q

What is hyaline cartilage

A

Abundant collagen fibers hidden by a glassy, rubbery matrix

60
Q

What are the 3 functions of hyaline cartilage

A

. Support and reinforce
. Cushioning
. Resists compression

61
Q

What are the 5 location if hyaline cartilage

A 
. Trachea 
. Ribs
. Ends of long bones
. Entire fetal skeleton before birth
. Epiphyseal plate
62
Q

What is the function of elastic cartilage

A

Provides elasticity

63
Q

Where is the location of elastic cartilage

A

The external ear

64
Q

What is the function of fibrocartilage

A

Highly compressible

65
Q

Where is the location of fibrocartilage

A

Discs between vertebrae of spinal column

66
Q

What is the function of muscle tissue

A

Produce movement

67
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue

A

. Skeletal
. Cardiac
. Smooth

68
Q

Where is skeletal muscle tissue located

A

Muscle attached to bone

69
Q

What is the 3 functions of skeletal muscle tissue

A

. Contracts to pull on bones or skin
. Voluntary controlled
. Produces gross body movements

70
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue

A

. Striations
. Multinucleate
. Long cylindrical shape

71
Q

What does cardiac muscle tissue do

A

Pump blood through blood vessels

72
Q

Where is the location of cardiac muscle

A

Found only in the heart

73
Q

Is cardiac muscle tissue involuntary or voluntary

A

Involuntary

74
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue

A

. Striations
. One nucleus per cell
. Short branching cells
. Intercalated discs contain gap junctions to connect cells

75
Q

What is the function of smooth muscle tissue

A

Peristalsis, a wavelike activity to move substances along internal passageways

76
Q

Where are the locations of smooth muscle tissue

A

Found in walls of hollow organs such as stomach, uterus, and blood vessels

77
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of smooth muscles cells

A

. No visible Striations
. One nucleus per cell
. Spindle shaped cells

78
Q

What is nervous tissue made of

A

Neurons and nerve support cells

79
Q

What are the 3 things support cells called neuralgia do

A

. Insulate
. Protect
. Support neurons

80
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue

A

To receive and conduct electrochemical impulses to and from body parts

81
Q

What are the 2 types of functions nervous tissue called

A

. Irritability

. Conductivity

82
Q

What are the 3 locations of nervous tissue

A

. Brain
. Spinal cord
. Nerves

Anatomy (7 decks)

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