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NURS105 > Chapter 43 > Flashcards

Chapter 43 Flashcards

Emergency Care

1
Q

anaphylaxis

A

life threatening sensitivity to antigen

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2
Q

cardiac arrest

A

heart stops suddenly / without warning

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3
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

emergency procedure performed when heart / breathing stop

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4
Q

convulsions

A

seizures; violent / sudden contractions / tremors of muscle groups caused by abnormal electrical activity

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5
Q

fainting

A

syncope; sudden loss of consciousness from inadequate blood flow to brain
- prevent death
- prevent injuries from becoming worse

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6
Q

first aid

A

emergency care given to ill / injured before medical help arrives

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7
Q

hemorrhage

A

excessive loss of blood in short time

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8
Q

respiratory arrest

A

breathing stops but heart continues for several minutes

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9
Q

resuscitate

A

revive from apparent death / unconsciousness

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10
Q

shock

A

when tissues / organs do not get enough blood

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11
Q

3 major signs of cardiac arrest

A
  • no response
  • no breathing / normal breathing
  • no pulse
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12
Q

agonal breathing

A

gasps of air

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13
Q

how to check for cardiac arrest ?

A
  • check for response
  • check for breathing / pulse at same time
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14
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

emergency procedure for when heart / breathing stops
- must be started right away

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15
Q

resuscitate

A

revive from apparent death / unconsciousness

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16
Q

what does CPR involve

A
  • chest compressions
  • opening airway / giving breaths
  • defibrilation
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17
Q

chest compressions

A

force blood flow through circulatory system
- pressure compressed the hearth

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18
Q

how to give chest compressions ?

A

person is supine on hard / flat surface
- expose chest
- heel of one hand on lower half of sternum
- other hand interlocked on top of previous one
- arms straight
- press down / release pressure

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19
Q

how fast should compressions be given ?

A

100 - 120 per min
- 2in compressions
- stopped for less than 10 sec at a time

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20
Q

airway and breathing

A

1) keep airway open with head-tilt method
2) pinch person’s nostrils
3) mouth / mask placed tightly over person’s mouth
4) blow air into person’s mouth for ~1 sec
- chest should rise
5) repeat

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21
Q

head-tilt method

A

one hand pull head back by forehead and other is lifting chin up

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22
Q

bag valve mask

A

hand held bag attached to mask to give breathing
- used when possible
- prevents OPIM contact

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23
Q

adult CPR cycle

A

30 chest compressions w/ 2 breaths
- until person responds / EMS takes over
- pauses briefly for defibrilation

24
Q

adult CPR cycle w/ 2 people

A

more effective
- switch off between compressions and giving breaths to avoid fatigue

25
Q

how often should 2 person CPR switch between compressions and giving breaths ?

A

every 2 min

26
Q

ventricular fibrilation

A

abnormal heart rhythm; heart quivers
- causes cardiac arrest

27
Q

defibrilation

A

shock to heart to stop Vfib and reset heart electricity

28
Q

recovery position

A

side lying with top leg bent at knee

29
Q

choking

A

foreign bodies block airflow
- relieved w/ abdominal thrusts

30
Q

respiratory arrest

A

breathing stops but heart continues to beat for several minutes

31
Q

what can cause respiratory arrest ?

A
  • blocked airflow
  • problems affecting nerves, muscles, brain controlling breathing
  • lung disorders / problems
  • inhaling harmful substances
32
Q

rescue breathing

A

given when there is pulse but no breathing / only agonal gasping
1) open airway
2) 1 breath each 6 sec
3) breaths longer than 1 sec; chest should rise

33
Q

posion

A

any substance harmful to body when ingested, inhaled, injected, absorbed by skin

34
Q

directions for poison in eye

A

rinse eye

35
Q

directions for poison on skin

A

remove clothing that had contact and rinse skin

36
Q

directions for inhaled poison

A

leave area; get to fresh air at once

37
Q

directions for swallowed poison

A

do NOT vomit, eat, drink anything unless told to do so by poison control

38
Q

heart attack (myocardial infarction)

A

part of heart muscle dies from sudden block of blood flow in coronary artery

39
Q

hemorrhage

A

excessive loss of blood in short amount of time
- internal or external

40
Q

hemorrhage of an artery characterized by ?

A

spurts of blood

41
Q

hemorrhage of a vein characterized by ?

A

continuous blood flow

42
Q

fainting

A

syncope; sudden loss of consciousness from inadequate blood flow to brain

43
Q

what to do if person has warning signs of fainting ?

A

person sits or lies down and loosen tight clothing
- sit down w/ person bent forward w/ head in-between legs
- lying down raise persons legs

44
Q

what to do if person has already fainted ?

A
  • activate EMS
  • lay them down and raise legs up 12in
45
Q

shock

A

when tissue / organs do not get enough blood

46
Q

what to do if person is experiencing shock ?

A
  • keep person lying down
  • if no injuries, raise feet 6-12 in
47
Q

anaphylaxis

A

life-threatening sensitivity (allergy) to antigen

48
Q

antigen

A

substance body reacts to
- body releases chemicals to attack antigen

49
Q

epinephrine

A

drug used to treat life-threatening allergic reactions
- injected to outer thigh

50
Q

when would you give a second dose of epinephrine ?

A
  • no response after first dose
  • EMS arrival take longer than 5-10 mins
51
Q

stroke

A

cerebrovascular accident; brain is suddenly deprived of blood supply
- caused by thrombus, embolus, hemorrhage

52
Q

F.A.S.T.

A

face, arms, speech, time
- 1 side of face / 1 arm limp / unresponsive
- speech is slurred
- if present, call 911 right away

53
Q

seizures

A

convulsions; violent / sudden contractions in muscle groups due to abnormal electricity in brain

54
Q

generalized seizures

A

affect both sides of brain
- absence (petit mal)
- tonic-clonic (grand mal)

55
Q

absence (petit mal) seizures

A

generalized seizure
- staring / rapid blinking
- lasts few sec

56
Q

tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures

A

generalized seizure; 2 phases
- tonic phase; muscles become stiff / lose consciousness
- clonic phase; muscle jerking

57
Q

focal (partial) seizures

A

affect 1 area of brain
- body part may twitch / sensation changes
- may be confused / unable to respond

NURS105 (43 decks)

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