medical term > chapter 5 > Flashcards

chapter 5 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

anemia

A

a lower than normal number of erythrocytes in the blood

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2
Q

aneurysm

A

a localized weak spot, or balloon-like enlargement, of the wall of an artery

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3
Q

Angina

A

a condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

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4
Q

angioplasty

A

a procedure in which a small balloon is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque deposit and stretching the lumen

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5
Q

anticoagulant

A

slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming

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6
Q

aplastic anemia

A

characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

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7
Q

arrhythmia

A

describes an abnormality, or the loss of the normal rhythm, of the heart

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8
Q

atherectomy

A

the surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior of an artery

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9
Q

atheroma

A

a deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall

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10
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries

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11
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid irregular twitching of the muscular heart wall

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12
Q

automated external defibrillator

A

designed for use by nonprofessionals in emergency situations when defibrillation is required

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13
Q

beta-blocker

A

reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heart beat

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14
Q

blood dyscrasia

A

any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood

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15
Q

bradycardia

A

an abnormally slow resting heart rate

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16
Q

cardiac arrest

A

an event in which the heart abruptly stops or develops a very abnormal arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood

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17
Q

cardiac endarterectomy

A

the surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain

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18
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

the term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle

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19
Q

cholesterol

A

a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body

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20
Q

chronic venous insufficiency

A

a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves

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21
Q

coronary thrombosis

A

damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery

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22
Q

defibrillation

A

the use of electrical shock to restore the heart’s normal rhythm

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23
Q

diuretic

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A

administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water

24
Q

electrocardiogram

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A

a record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

25
embolism
the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus
26
embolus
a foreign object, such as a blood clot, quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor that is circulating in the blood
27
endocarditis
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
28
erythrocytes
mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow (red blood cells - RBC)
29
hemoglobin
the iron-containing pigment of the erythrocytes
30
hemolytic anemia
a condition o fan inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen
31
hemostasis
to stop or control bleeding
32
ischemic heart disease
group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart
33
leukemia
a type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes found in blood forming tissues, other organs, and in the circulating blood
34
leukocyte
the blood cells involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances (white blood cells - WBC)
35
leukopenia
describes any situation in which the total number of leukocytes in the circulating blood is less than normal
36
megaloblastic anemia
blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than norm
37
myelodysplatic syndrome
a group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow
38
myocardial infarction
the occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup (heart attack)
39
orthostatic hypotension
blood pressure that occurs upon standing u
40
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
an episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate in the atrium
41
pericardium
the double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart
42
pernicious anemia
caused by a lack of the protein intrinsic factor that helps the body absorb vitamin B-12 from the gastrointestinal tract
43
phlebitis
the inflammation of a vein
44
Raynaud's phenomenon
a peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress
45
septicemia
a systemic condition caused by the spread of microorganisms and their toxins via the circulating blood
46
sickle cell anemia
a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape
47
tachycardia
an abnormally rapid resting heart rate
48
thallium stress test
performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise
49
thrombocytopenia
condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood
50
thrombosis
the abnormal condition of having a thrombus
51
transfusion reaction
a serious, and potentially fatal, complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient's blood and the donated blood do not match
52
valvulitis
an inflammation of a heart valve
53
varicose veins
abnormally swollen veins, usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs
54
ventricular fibrillation
the rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles
55
ACE inhibitor
blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract resulting in hypertension

medical term (3 decks)

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