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Nutrition and Physical Performance > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

In endurance event anaerobic metabolism predominates when ?

A

For only about the 1st minute

Aerobic metabolism dominates after that

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2
Q

Who has lower isometric strength in quadriceps?

Endurance runners or sprinters

A

Endurance runners

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3
Q

Who has lower isometric strength in quadriceps ?

Endurance runners or
A healthy untrained person

A

Healthy untrained person

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4
Q

VO2 max limiting factors ?

A

Heart pumping capacity

Lungs ability to deliver O2 specially at altitude

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5
Q

How come endurance athletes’ muscle is not a limiting factor ?

A

Their muscles have sufficient concentration of necessary enzymes that they aren’t limiting factor

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6
Q

How to distinguish the elite performer

A

VO2 max: best performers tend to have high VO2 max

Also elite can also run at a high fraction of VO2 max

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7
Q

Elite performers have a high proportion of this kind of fiber

A

Type 1 fiber

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8
Q

Most of their fast twitch fibers are

A

Type IIa

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9
Q

In elite athletes oxidative enzymes are highly present in

A

Type I and

Type IIa

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10
Q

True or False ?

oxidative capacity of elite athletes’ type-IIa fibers exceed the sedentary person’s type I fibers

A

True

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11
Q

True or False ?

oxidative capacity of type-II fibers exceeds the capacity of type-I fibers in the same person!

A

FALSE
oxidative capacity of type-II fibers
doesn’t exceed the capacity of type-I fibers in the same person!

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12
Q

Biggest adaptation in elite athletes

A

Capacity for use of fat as fuel

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13
Q

What is a potential limitation to endurance exercise performance

A

CHO availability

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14
Q

Key in CHO homeostasis

A

Liver

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15
Q

True or false ?

RBCs have no mitochondria

A

True

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16
Q

True or false

CHO is more efficient storage of energy than fat

A

FALSE

Fat is more efficient

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17
Q

True or false

Fat cells have little H2O

A

True

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18
Q

How much water in glycogen ?

A

2-3 g /1 g glycogen

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19
Q

fat storage in avg men

A

15-20% body mass

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20
Q

Fat storage in avg women

A

25-33% body mass

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21
Q

Fat storage in elite athletes men

A

3-5%

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22
Q

Fat storage in elite women athletes

A

7-10%

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23
Q

Fat functions

A 
Energy storage 
Protect vital organs 
Insulate from cold 
Membrane component 
Nerve sheaths
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24
Q

90% of body fat is

A

Triglyceride

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25
Most triglyceride is in
Fat cells | And some in skeletal muscle
26
Most common #C fatty acids ?
14,22,16,18
27
What is lipolysis
Breakdown of triglyceride into 3 FA and 1 glycerol
28
Prolonged exercise at 50% VO2 max
Increases blood circulation in fat tissue
29
T/F? Intense exercise increases blood floe in fat tissue , restricting entry of FFAs and glycerol into circulation
F intense exercise decreases blood flow in fat tissue, restricting entry of FFAs and glycerol into circulation
30
This protein transports most FFA within plasma
Albumin
31
How does FFAs across sarcolemma membrane goes into muscles
With facilitated diffusion
32
In muscle FFAs are converted to
Acetyl coA in preparation for beta oxidation
33
What is needed to transport FAs in the form of acetyl coA across mitochondrial membrane
Carnitine
34
What is carntine
A vitamin-like substance Found mostly in skeletal muscle &heart , red meats, dairy products Synthesized in the liver & kidney
35
Carnitine is synthesized in the
Liver and kidney
36
Is carnitine essential in diet ?
NO
37
Esssential AAs
``` phenylalanine, valine, threonine, methionine, tryptophan, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine ```
38
Lives uses which essential AAs
Methionine | Lysin
39
At exercise intensity >60% VO2max how does body provide energy
ATP derived from CHO oxidation and anaerobic glycolysis
40
T/F? Fats can't fuel ATP production anaerobically, so FAs are oxidized in mitochondria via beta- oxidation
T
41
Products of beta oxidation of Fatty Acids
Acetyl CoA Water 5 ATP
42
This should be removed prior to oxidation of FA
Amino group
43
Removal of Amino group is done by
TransAmination
44
What happens to the remaining carbon skeleton in oxidation of FA
Oxidized in the TCA cycle
45
2 ways remaining carbon skeleton is oxidized in TCA cycle
1. Acetyl CoA | 2. Alpha-ketogluterate or Oxaloacetate
46
How many mole of ATP per mole of glucose
38
47
T/F | Hormonal response is greater when exercising at high temperature
T
48
Hormonal response mobilizes
Glycogen and triglyceride stores
49
Hormonal release during excercise
``` Insulin Glucagon Catecholamines Cortisol Growth hormone Cytokines ```
50
Catecholamines
Adrenaline | Noradrenaline
51
Catecholamines promote
Liver glycogen breakdown | Adipose tissue lipolysis
52
How much should the exercise intensity be in order for catecholamine concentration to increase in the blood
>50% VO2 max
53
Main effects of cortisol
Promote protein degradation AA release from muscle Stimulate gluconeogenesis in the liver
54
Growth hormone stimulate
Mobilization of FFA from adipose tissue
55
Protein messenger molecule
Cytokines
56
This hormone is both pro inflammatory and anti inflammatory
Cytokines
57
Amount of release of cytokines is related to
Exercise DURATION
58
What is a prolonged exercise
Intensity sustainable for 30-180 min
59
T/F? ATP demand for prolonged exercise is lower than that of intensity exercise
T
60
During prolonged exercise plasma free FA can rise to
3-5 X resting concentration
61
T/F? FA oxidation can't meet ATP requirements at VO2max of above 50-60%
True
62
-------enhances performance in hot conditions
Bupropion
63
Diet need to supply how much CHO
6-10 g CHO/kg of body weight
64
Suggestion for consuming CHO after training
50-100 gr CHO
65
Endurance capacity at 70% VO2 max closely related to
Initial muscle glycogen
66
Suggested CHO intake RATE when exercise duration is > 1 hr
30-60 g/hr
67
Reason for improving brief intense enhancement by caffeine
Brain stimulation | Muscle contraction stimulation
68
IV infusion of carnitine with insulin | Increase
Cartinitine uptake into muscles
69
With IV infusion of carnitine and a large CHO intake (orally) substituting for
IV infusion of insulin
70
Increasing muscle carnitine content appears to
Reduce glycolysis Increase FA oxidation Ergogenic aid

Nutrition and Physical Performance (17 decks)

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