Chapter 8

Question 1

Adaptation to training is governed by 3 principles

Answer 1

Overload
Specificity
Reversibility

Question 2

Weight training increase

Answer 2

Force generating capacity and muscle size

Question 3

Training regimen must be carefully chosen to

Answer 3

Maximize strength with minimal mass gain

Question 4

Training aims at increasing what proteins

Answer 4

Actin and myosin

Question 5

Low force -low velocity training train which type of muscles first ?

Answer 5

Type 1 fibers

Question 6

Low force -low velocity training train typeI fibers and exception is

Answer 6

When type I fibers are fatigued/damaged from other training, then type II will be recruited

Question 7

Increases muscle size is

Answer 7

~ increase cross sectional area

Question 8

Measurable increase in muscle size ban be seen after

Answer 8

~ 15 training sessions

Question 9

When training for speed muscle mass

Answer 9

Increases

Question 10

When training for speed , anaerobic capacity

Answer 10

Increases

Question 11

When training for speed muscle ATP /Pcr

Answer 11

Unchanged

Question 12

When training for speed key glycolytic enzymes such as phosphofructokinase

Answer 12

Increase

Question 13

When training for speed buffering capacity

Answer 13

Increases

Question 14

When training for speed proportions of fiber types in terms of number of fibers

Answer 14

Unchanged

Question 15

When training for speed proportion of fiber types by weight or size

Answer 15

Does change

Enlargement of type II fibers

Question 16

Sprint training changes

Answer 16

Muscle - enzyme activity

Question 17

Sprint training changes

Answer 17

Muscle - enzyme activity

Question 18

Sprint training changes muscle-enzyme activity these changes are —-dependent

Answer 18

Stimulus

Question 19

T/F

In sprint training, enzymes for anaerobic metabolism can increase

Answer 19

T

Question 20

Elite middle distance needs

Answer 20

High capacity lactate production

Question 21

In training for middle distance what needs to be increased

Answer 21

Glycolytic rate limiting step

Question 22

Enzymes to produce glucose from glycogen

Answer 22

Glycogen phosphorylase
Phosphofructokinase
Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 23

Use of FA as fuel is determined by

Answer 23

Rate of delivery to the muscle

Question 24

What is one of the most important endurance adaptations

Answer 24

Capacity to use FAs as fuel

Question 25

Acts as small store of O2 for times of high demand

Answer 25

Myoglobin

Question 26

The most important function in endurance athletes

Answer 26

Diffusion of O2 Within the muscle cell

Question 27

T/F? | Aerobic-enzyme activity and max. respiratory capacity is higher by 2-3x in trained athletes

Answer 27

T

Question 28

T/F Enzyme activity increases with even small amounts of training

Answer 28

T

Question 29

What is the function of endurance training on intramuscular level of TAG

Answer 29

Increases

Question 30

Effect of endurance training on rate of muscle glycogen

Answer 30

Decreases it 😳

Question 31

T/F Myofibrils can be rebuilt with a different type of myosin

Answer 31

T

Question 32

T/F | Unused muscled dont adapt

Answer 32

T

Question 33

Passive stretch induce

Answer 33

Muscle enlargement

Question 34

In passive stretch mechanical load must be included to activate

Answer 34

Signaling pathways of ribosomal machinery and transcription of genes

Question 35

Activation of this signaling pathway appears crucial in increasing protein synthesis following resistance exercise

Answer 35

MTor

Question 36

Over-training syndrome

Answer 36

Under-performance in spite of continued/ increased training

Question 37

Over-reaching is

Answer 37

Temporary with full recovery or performance improvement tin a few days

Question 38

Over-reaching may be related to

Answer 38

Insufficient recovery of muscle glycogen or exercise induce muscle damage

Question 39

T/F | Heavy training makes one less susceptible to infection

Answer 39

F

Question 40

T/F 2-6 times more likely to upper respiratory infection in long distance runners

Answer 40

T

Question 41

Increase in circulating leukocyte amount related to

Answer 41

Intensity/duration of exercise

Question 42

Hormonal change effect with strenuous exercise

Answer 42

Adrenaline Cortisol Growth hormone Prolactin

Question 43

T/F Phagocytic neutrophils activated during strenuous axe rise but have diminished killing ability for many hours

Answer 43

T

Question 44

T/F NK cells increase during exercise but drop to < 1/2 normal levels for some hours

Answer 44

T

Question 45

Normal level of NK cells return after

Answer 45

24 hrs

Question 46

High training loads are associated with chronic

Answer 46

Immunodepression

Question 47

T/F Overreaching for > 10 days may result in chronically depressed immune function

Answer 47

F > 6 days

Question 48

T/F Training adaptations are reversible

Answer 48

T

Question 49

What can prevent or slow detraining

Answer 49

Short periods of high intensity training

Question 50

T/F High fat diets may improve capacity to oxidize FFA in well trained athletes

Answer 50

T

Question 51

T/F Low CHO training may have stress hormone responses that cancel benefits

Answer 51

T

Question 52

T/F Antioxidant are produced by normal aerobic metabolism

Answer 52

T

Question 53

Singlet O2 has a pair of electron with

Answer 53

Opposite spins

Question 54

Antioxidants prevent H abstraction from

Answer 54

FA side chains

Question 55

Antioxidants bind to metal ion catalysts to

Answer 55

Prevent initiation of free radical reactions

Question 56

Low molecular weight substances that act as free radical scavengers

Answer 56

Vitamin A, C, E Carotenoids - beta carotine Plant polyphenol

Question 57

What are the plant polyphenols

Answer 57

``` Tea Wine Fruit Vegetables Flavonoids -subgroup ```

Question 58

What are the advantages of ROS and RNS ?

Answer 58

Moderate levels of ROS are essential to optimal force production in muscle Also a signaling mechanism

Question 59

In heavy smokers high -----and -----intake increases incidence of lung cancer

Answer 59

Vitamin E | beta-Carotine

Question 60

T/F High dose of antioxidants inhibit apoptosis

Answer 60

T

Question 61

Vitamin A in pregnant women causes

Answer 61

Birth defects

Question 62

Vitamin E can impair absorption of

Answer 62

Vitamin A and K

Question 63

NSAIDs Studies show a post exercise suppression of

Answer 63

Creatine kinase response

Question 64

T/F? | NSAIDs are recommended to treat symptoms of muscle damage

Answer 64

F NOT recommended