Chapter 5 Flashcards by Annie De Vries

What is the largest organ of the body?

The skin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 layers of the skin

dermis and epidermis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is the hypodermic found?

Deep to the dermis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the hypodermic made of?

Areolar and adipose tissues

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the epidermis made of?

Stratified squamous and keratin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the dermis made of?

Connective tissue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the two parts of the dermis?

Papillary and reticular dermis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name 5 appendages of the skin

Eccrine sweat gland, arrestor pills muscle, sebaceous gland, hair follicle, hair root

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is reticular dermis made of?

Dense irregular connective tissue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name 3 nervous structures of the skin

Sensory nerve fiber, lamellar corpuscle, hair root follicle receptor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the lamellar corpuscle detect?

Deep pressure and vibration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do nervous structure detect?

Warm/Cold, touch, pain, vibration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

5 functions of the skin

Protection, body temperature regulation, excretion, production of vitamin D, sensory reception

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

4 cell types of the epidermis

Kertainocytes, melanocytes, tactile epithelial cells, dendritic cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Location of keratinocytes

All strata

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function of keratinocytes

Produce keratin, antibiotics and enzymes that detoxify chemicals, release glycolipids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Location of melanocytes

Basal Layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function of melanocytes

Manufacture and secrete pigment melanin, protects nucleus from UV light damage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Location of tactile epithelial cells

Basal layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function of tactile epithelial cells

Attached to sensory nerve endings (Tactile discs)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Location of dendritic cells

Stratum Spinosum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function of dendritic cells

Macrophage like, part of immune system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Layers of the epidermis

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Another name for tactile epithelial cell discs

Merkel’s Cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What layer of epidermis only appears in thick skin?

Stratum lucidum

What cells are found in the stratum basale?

Tactile epithelial cells, melanocytes

What is the thickest layer of the epidermis?

Stratum spinosum

What can be found in the stratum spinosum?

Intermediate filaments, keratinocytes and dendritic cells

What is found in the stratum granulosum?

Layers of keratinocytes

2 layers of keratinocyte

Keratohyaline granules and lamellar granules

Function of keratohyaline granules

Help form keratin

Function of lamellar granules

Contain waterproofing glycolipid that is secreted from cell and helps waterproof the skin

Location of thick skin

Palms and soles

Function of stratum cornerum

Protects skin against abrasion and penetration

What is the papillary region made of?

Areolar connective tissue

What is the reticular region made of?

Dense irregular connective tissue

Function of dermal papillae

Increase surface area for exchange of gases, nutrients, waste, interdigitation strengthens attachment of epidermis to dermis

What are epidermal reidges

Elevations of dermal ridges that increase gripping abilities and form fingerprints

Location of cleavage lines

Reticular region of dermis

Function of cleavage lines

Separation between collagen fibers which give skin strength

Location of flexure lines

Reticular region of dermis

Function of flexure lines

Deep creases in palms, wrists, soles, fingers, toes

Vascular plexuses in Reticular dermis

Dermal plexus and sub papillary plexus

Other names for hypodermis

Superficial fascia or subcutaneous layer

What is the hypodermis made of?

areolar and adipose connective tissue

Function of hypodermis

Anchors skin to underlying structures, helps insulate body

Why is there more hypodermis in females?

To protect the fetus

3 pigments that contribute to skin color

Melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

Function of melanin

Produce range of color from yellow to reddish to brown to black

Functions of carotene

Yellowish pigment from carrots and tomatoes

Location of carotene

Accumulates in stratum corneum and fat

Function of hemoglobin

Allows crimson color of blood to show through

5 parts of the nail

Free edge, body, root, nail folds, eponychium

What are nails made of?

Hard keratin

What is the eponychium?

Cuticle

Main parts of hair

Root and shaft

3 layers of hair cells

Medulla, cortex, cuticle

What happens when hair turns grey?

Melanocytes stop functioning

What makes up the wall of a hair follicle?

Connective tissue and epithelial tissue root sheath

What are arrestor pili muscles made of?

Smooth muscle

Function of arrestor pili

Hair stands erect when contracts, also causes dimpling of skin/goosebumps

Two types of hair

Vellus and terminal

Vellus hair

on women and children

Terminal hair

Hair of scalp, eyebrows, axillary and pubic area

Function of hair

Protect from sunlight, provide warmth

What do sebaceous glands secrete?

Sebum

Holocrine secretion

Entire cell breaks up to form secretion

What type of gland is a sebaceous gland?

Simple alveolar

Function of sebum

Collect dirt, soften and lubricates hair and skin

2 types of sweat glands

Eccrine and apocrine

Most numerous sweat gland

eccrine

Location of apocrine glands

Axillary, anal, genital areas

2 modified apocrine glands

Ceruminous and mammary

What kind of sweat do apocrine glands produce?

Pheromones, signal info about immune system

First degree burn

In epidermis; sunburn

Second degree

Upper part of dermis; blisters, little scaring

Third degree burn

Consumes thickness of skin; white/red/black

What threats to the body do burns pose?

Dehydration and infection

What is used to determine the extent of a burn

Rule of nines

Autograft

Cells replace, works well for small areas

Homograft

Comes from same species, donated skin

Heterograft

Usually pig skin; usually rejected and replaced

4 types of skin grafts

Autograt, homograft, heterograft, artificial

3 types of skin cancer

Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma

Where does squamous cell carcinoma come from?

Keratinocytes of stratum spinosum

ABCDE rule

Asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter, elevation

What does the epidermis develop from?

Embryonic ectoderm

What does the dermis and hypodermic develop from?

Mesoderm

What do melanocytes develop from?

Neural crest cells

When does fetal skin form?

After the fourth month

What are the downy hairs of a fetus called?

Lanugo

What do fetal sebaceous glands produce?

Vernix caseosa, protects them from amnionic fluid

Chapter 5 Flashcards

(92 cards)