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COMD 4500 Exam 1 > Chapter 5 - Aphasia, Assessment & Management - AI Powered > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Aphasia, Assessment & Management - AI Powered Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the focus of the chapter on assessment and management of aphasia?

A

Overview of principles and methods for assessment and management of acquired aphasia in adults in post-acute clinical settings

Emphasis on evidence-based approaches and practical clinical decisions for treatment design.

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2
Q

Which organization identifies knowledge areas for the Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology?

A

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

Effective since 2014.

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3
Q

What roles does a trained speech-language pathologist (SLP) assume in caring for persons with aphasia (PWA)?

A
  • Communication partner
  • Diagnostician
  • Therapist
  • Researcher
  • Educator/advocate

SLPs educate communication partners and advocate for PWAs.

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4
Q

What is the goal of comprehensive aphasia assessment?

A

Identify intact language abilities and cognitive-linguistic impairments.

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5
Q

What framework does the World Health Organization provide for assessing patient needs in rehabilitation?

A

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)

Includes codes for language abilities and participation.

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6
Q

What are the traditional subtypes of aphasia differentiated by?

A
  • Fluency
  • Auditory comprehension
  • Repetition

Impaired naming (anomia) is common to all subtypes.

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7
Q

What characterizes nonfluent aphasia?

A
  • Reduced phrase length
  • Reduced quantity of output
  • Reduced speech rate
  • Reduced articulatory agility
  • Reduced grammatical complexity
  • Reduced thematic elaboration
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8
Q

How can aphasia evolve from one subtype to another?

A

Based on improvements in fluency, auditory comprehension, and/or repetition.

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9
Q

What is a common assessment tool for language skills in aphasia?

A

Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE)

Other tools include the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R) and Boston Naming Test (BNT).

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10
Q

What are some cognitive-linguistic impairments linked to in aphasia?

A

Specific disruptions within the normal language system.

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11
Q

What is the role of an SLP when comprehension is impaired?

A

Diagnose the type and severity of the disturbance and educate family members and healthcare staff.

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12
Q

What may indicate mild comprehension impairment in PWAs?

A

Inappropriate responses to requests or instructions containing unfamiliar words or syntactic constructions.

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13
Q

What assessment method can evaluate visual object processing in detail?

A

Birmingham Object Recognition Battery (BORB).

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14
Q

What does the ability to recognize a stimulus from any input modality measure?

A

Lexical decision task

Involves deciding if a stimulus is a real word or not.

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15
Q

What type of errors are common with impaired semantic memory?

A

Errors that are semantically related to the target.

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16
Q

What can be a task to assess comprehension difficulty in PWAs?

A

Systematically manipulating array size and types of foils in word comprehension tasks.

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17
Q

What type of sentences are generally easier for PWAs to comprehend?

A

Active canonical subject-verb-object (SVO) sentences.

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18
Q

What task can differentiate types of sentence comprehension deficits in aphasia?

A

Sentence-picture matching task.

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19
Q

What is one method for differentiating the type of sentence comprehension deficit in aphasia?

A

Administer the sentence-picture matching task

This task helps identify poor comprehension of single words and thematic role assignment.

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20
Q

What cognitive functions are necessary for normal comprehension in aphasia?

A

Attention, working memory, and executive functions

These functions are crucial for understanding single words and sentences, especially in complex communication contexts.

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21
Q

True or False: Impaired verbal working memory in a PWA can be detected using tasks like digit span.

A

True

The digit-span task can be modified for those with impaired repetition.

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22
Q

What can right hemisphere damage disrupt in terms of comprehension?

A

Central themes of discourse, connotative meanings, figurative language, inferences, humor, emotional and linguistic prosody

Right hemisphere lesions may not cause lexical-semantic or sentence-processing deficits but still affect comprehension.

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23
Q

What does spontaneous verbal or written expression require?

A

Activation of semantic memory and abstract whole-word forms

This process is essential for naming in response to auditory definitions, gestures, pictures, or written words.

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: Impaired semantic memory will result in impaired output across _______.

A

expressive modes

Semantic errors can occur even when semantic memory is intact due to other factors.

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25
What assessment measures can differentiate subtypes of sentence production impairment in aphasia?
The Northwestern Assessment of Verbs and Sentences ## Footnote This assessment helps in identifying specific difficulties in sentence formulation.
26
How can a clinician evaluate the differential effects of impaired word retrieval versus impaired sentence formulation?
By asking the PWA to produce sentences starting with different phrases ## Footnote This method assesses both active and passive sentence production.
27
What are two available measures of functional communication?
* Communication Abilities in Daily Living (CADL-2) * Communicative Effectiveness (CETI) ## Footnote These measures help assess communication strengths and set goals.
28
What does 'dynamic assessment' of aphasia focus on?
Identifying factors that enhance individual communication ## Footnote This approach helps differentiate language differences from disorders.
29
What is the overall objective of aphasia treatment?
Generalization of therapy gains to functional communication contexts ## Footnote Therapy should aim to improve real-life communication abilities.
30
What are the two processes that determine progress in aphasia rehabilitation after brain injury?
* Reactive plasticity of neural tissues * Restoration of lost knowledge through experience-based interventions ## Footnote These processes highlight the importance of brain adaptability and learning in rehabilitation.
31
In what settings may the SLP provide care for individuals with aphasia?
* Acute care * Subacute care * Inpatient rehabilitation * Home care * Outpatient rehabilitation ## Footnote The setting influences the approach to aphasia rehabilitation.
32
What is a common challenge faced by individuals with Wernicke’s aphasia during recovery?
Increased frustration from noticing their own speech errors ## Footnote This frustration can arise as they improve auditory comprehension.
33
What is the role of evidence-based practice in aphasia intervention?
SLPs consider the best available evidence from scientific literature, clinical practice guidelines, expert opinion, and the unique needs of the PWA and their family. ## Footnote ASHA website at www.asha.org provides resources for evidence-based practice guidelines.
34
What are the three targets for rehabilitation of impaired comprehension?
* Cognitive-linguistic components (e.g., semantic memory) * General skill areas (e.g., auditory comprehension) * Adaptation to real-life effects of reduced comprehension
35
What strategy can improve auditory comprehension for PWA?
Slowing the rate of speech can increase auditory comprehension for the PWA. ## Footnote High-frequency, concrete words in short, simple constructions are more likely to be understood.
36
How can pointing to pictures or objects aid individuals with severely reduced comprehension?
It may convey some ideas, but there is a safety risk due to potential misunderstanding of object functions. ## Footnote This is related to conceptual apraxia.
37
What type of tasks can activate semantic memory in a PWA?
Simple matching tasks involving pictures can activate semantic memory. ## Footnote The difficulty can be adjusted based on the individual's impairment level.
38
What is the purpose of sorting pictures into semantic categories?
It provides practice in activating semantic memory and can be systematically increased in difficulty. ## Footnote Categories can include animals versus tools, and later more specific categories.
39
What is Visual Action Therapy (VAT)?
A structured nonverbal therapy program designed to assist PWA in comprehending gestures. ## Footnote It begins with simple tracing tasks and progresses to gesture comprehension.
40
What is a simple version of word-matching tasks for improving auditory comprehension?
Presenting a spoken word alongside pictures of the target and an unrelated distracter. ## Footnote E.g., showing 'apple' with a picture of an apple and a car.
41
What is Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA)?
A treatment where the PWA generates semantic features of a given concept, which can improve comprehension as well. ## Footnote SFA can also involve analyzing features generated by others.
42
What can result from treatment focusing on superordinate features of semantic categories?
Improved auditory comprehension in individuals with semantic impairment. ## Footnote This approach has been shown to work in cases of global aphasia.
43
What is the focus of treatment for modality-specific comprehension deficits?
Tasks that facilitate semantic activation from the impaired modality. ## Footnote For example, phonemic processing tasks for impaired auditory comprehension.
44
What is one approach to improving sentence comprehension?
Spoken sentence-picture matching has shown significant improvement in sentence comprehension for individuals with Wernicke’s aphasia.
45
What does the treatment of underlying forms for syntax aim to achieve?
Improved sentence production and comprehension of trained sentences, with some generalization to linguistically related structures.
46
What is a high treatment priority for individuals with severe aphasia?
Establishing a consistent yes/no response to help express basic wants and needs.
47
What distinguishes attempts to restore lost knowledge in anomia treatment?
They are different from attempts to circumvent anomia by training compensatory strategies.
48
What is the rationale behind constraint-induced language treatment (CILT)?
It requires the PWA to respond verbally to treatment stimuli, promoting practice in the targeted verbal output.
49
What is the main distinction between anomia treatment and compensatory strategies?
Anomia treatment focuses on improving verbal output, while compensatory strategies aim to circumvent anomia.
50
What is Constraint-Induced Language Treatment (CILT)?
CILT is a treatment requiring the person with aphasia (PWA) to respond verbally to stimuli, focusing on practice in targeted verbal behavior.
51
What does the therapy approach Promoting Aphasics’ Communicative Effectiveness (PACE) involve?
PACE involves equal participation in dialogue using various expressive communication modes between the SLP and PWA.
52
True or False: Patients with verbal anomia benefit from direct practice in verbal naming with semantic and/or phonological cues.
True
53
What is Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA) and its effect on verbal naming?
SFA facilitates verbal naming, improving both treated and untreated items.
54
Fill in the blank: Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) was developed to utilize _______ elements of speech.
[musical]
55
What is Visual Action Therapy (VAT) designed to improve?
VAT is designed to facilitate gesture comprehension and production.
56
What distinguishes writing deficits from spelling deficits?
Writing deficits involve impaired motor production of letters, while spelling deficits involve impaired cognitive-linguistic functions.
57
What are the subtypes of acquired spelling impairment?
* Deep agraphia * Surface agraphia
58
What is the primary focus of treatment for deep agraphia?
Treatment can focus on either semantic memory or sublexical phoneme-to-grapheme routes.
59
What is a characteristic of pure alexia?
Patients read using a letter-by-letter strategy, reflecting difficulties in accessing lexical word forms.
60
What are common treatments for deep dyslexia?
* Facilitation of grapheme-to-phoneme conversion * Semantic memory tasks
61
What is the treatment focus for surface dyslexia?
Treatment focuses on whole-word lexical practice for irregularly spelled words.
62
What are the four aspects of communicative competence necessary for those relying on AAC?
* Linguistic competence * Operational competence * Social competence * Strategic competence
63
True or False: AAC strategies can only replace natural speech in communication.
False
64
What is the purpose of augmentative-alternative communication (AAC)?
AAC enhances functional communication and may replace, support, or supplement natural speech.
65
What role does the SLP play in relation to AAC?
The SLP assesses individual needs and abilities, provides intervention, and mentors in AAC use.
66
Fill in the blank: Treatment for lexical graphemic impairment has focused on training of _______ word spelling.
[irregular]
67
What is the effect of combining semantic and phonological tasks in naming treatment?
It may facilitate improved naming in patients with both semantic and phonological impairments.
68
What is the significance of phonological cuing hierarchies?
They are used in treatments addressing phonological output retrieval issues.
69
What is the purpose of training phonological awareness in some patients?
To support patients with poor repetition ability in their naming efforts.
70
What is a common treatment strategy for patients with ideomotor limb apraxia?
Repetitive gesture production and systematic feedback.
71
What are the four types of competence that the SLP can facilitate in PWA?
* Linguistic competence * Operational competence * Social competence * Strategic competence ## Footnote PWA stands for Persons With Aphasia
72
What are some low-tech to high-tech solutions for basic communication needs?
* Single-word communication cards * Gestures * Picture/photo dictionaries * Communication books * Alphabet boards * Eye gaze * Digital images and recordings ## Footnote These tools can help individuals with aphasia express their needs, wants, and feelings.
73
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a measure that allows the SLP to assess how well the PWA can transmit messages using symbols.
Multimodal Communication Screening Task for Persons with Aphasia (MCST-A)
74
True or False: Many individuals who learn to use AAC during individual sessions subsequently use it in social situations.
False
75
What factors must be considered when evaluating AAC options for a person with aphasia?
* Communication needs * Life participation goals * Skill level * Cost * Motivation
76
What is the Life Participation Approach to Aphasia (LPAA)?
A philosophy that emphasizes the immediate and long-term life concerns of the patient in clinical decision-making and therapy.
77
What are some techniques that can help reduce communication breakdown frustrations between aphasia patients and family members?
Examples not provided in the text.
78
What are the five types of aphasia group therapy?
* Direct language treatment * Indirect language treatment * Sociolinguistic treatment * Transition * Maintenance
79
What are the advantages of aphasia group therapy over traditional individual therapy?
* Cost-effective * Promotes social initiation and turn-taking strategies * Encourages use of compensatory strategies * Fosters a sense of community * Reduces isolation ## Footnote Group therapy can enhance the social experience for individuals with aphasia.
80
What is one role of the SLP in aphasia rehabilitation?
Communication partner, educator, advocate, skilled treatment provider.
81
Fill in the blank: The _______ model accounts for personal, physical, environmental, and societal factors in aphasia treatment.
WHO ICF
82
What is the significance of early and intensive cognitive-linguistic rehabilitation for patients with aphasia?
It is effective for improving communication.
83
What type of therapy promotes self-awareness of competence in social exchanges for persons with aphasia?
Therapy that includes real-life activities and interaction with familiar and unfamiliar listeners.
84
What ongoing need is identified for further improvement in aphasia rehabilitation?
Research to define models of aphasia intervention and factors affecting functional communication.
85
How can aphasia therapy be optimized in a patient-centered manner?
* Focusing on patient’s neurolinguistic recovery * Prioritizing life participation goals * Tailoring therapy to the patient’s aspirations
86
What is the role of the SLP in reducing the stigma of AAC during a patient’s transition?
Educator and advocate.
87
True or False: Group therapy can help improve psychosocial adjustment after injury.
True
88
What is one example of a specific life activity that can be targeted for individuals with aphasia?
Participation in field trips that are socially and communicatively active.

COMD 4500 Exam 1 (16 decks)

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