Lecture 6 - Neuroimaging #2 - AI Powered Questions

Question 1

What is a primary advantage of CT scanning in emergency medicine?

Answer 1

Scans are formed quickly, allowing rapid assessment of brain conditions like strokes or trauma.

Question 2

What is the spatial resolution capability of CT scans?

Answer 2

Good spatial resolution, able to see details below the millimeter level.

Question 3

What additional feature can enhance CT imaging of the brain?

Answer 3

Injection of contrast agents into the bloodstream.

Question 4

What is the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 4

A fine interface between blood and cerebral spinal fluid that can be damaged, potentially leading to brain infections.

Question 5

What is a downside of CT scanning related to skull anatomy?

Answer 5

Thick bases of skulls can hinder good CT imaging.

Question 6

True or False: CT scans expose patients to ionizing radiation.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is the primary function of PET scanning?

Answer 7

Shows metabolic activity in various parts of the body, particularly the brain.

Question 8

How does a PET scanner operate?

Answer 8

Depends on the presence of isotopes that emit positrons, which collide with electrons to produce gamma rays.

Question 9

What happens when a positron collides with an electron?

Answer 9

Both are destroyed, releasing energy in the form of gamma rays.

Question 10

What do the gamma rays emitted in a PET scan help determine?

Answer 10

The location of the original collision between positrons and electrons.

Question 11

How does the PET scanner indicate regions of brain activity?

Answer 11

Higher concentrations of glucose metabolism correspond to increased activity detected by the scanner.

Question 12

What types of tasks can activate different regions of the brain during a PET scan?

Answer 12

Tasks like looking at shapes, reading, or listening to language.

Question 13

What does a baseline scan measure in a PET scan?

Answer 13

Background brain activity when a person is not engaged in a specific task.

Question 14

What is a notable advantage of PET scanning?

Answer 14

Shows neural function and areas of increased activity.

Question 15

What is a limitation of PET scanning regarding spatial resolution?

Answer 15

Spatial resolution is limited, leading to ambiguity in the exact location of increased neural activity.

Question 16

What is required for a PET scan to produce images?

Answer 16

Presence of isotopes that have a short half-life.

Question 17

Where are the isotopes for PET scans produced?

Answer 17

In a device called a cyclotron.

Question 18

What medical conditions can PET scanning help diagnose?

Answer 18

Cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and seizure disorders.

Question 19

What is the primary advantage of MRI technology compared to CT and PET?

Answer 19

Provides clearer and sharper images with better spatial resolution.

Question 20

What types of planes can MRI image?

Answer 20

Coronal, transverse, and sagittal planes.

Question 21

What is a significant benefit of MRI regarding radiation exposure?

Answer 21

Does not expose patients to ionizing radiation.

Question 22

What is a drawback of MRI in emergency situations?

Answer 22

Takes a longer time to obtain images, making it less suitable for rapid assessments.

Question 23

What is a common issue for patients undergoing MRI scans?

Answer 23

Claustrophobia due to the confined space of the scanner.

Question 24

What kind of materials must be checked before an MRI scan?

Answer 24

Metallic materials, especially ferrous metals.

Question 25

True or False: MRI scanners generate powerful magnetic fields.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What strong effect does the magnetic field of an MRI scanner have on metal objects?

Answer 26

It can move metal objects, such as shoes with embedded metal plates, across the floor. ## Footnote This demonstrates the strength of the magnetic field in MRI scanners.

Question 27

What is the primary function of functional MRI (fMRI)?

Answer 27

To show both the structure and function of the brain. ## Footnote fMRI is based on traditional MRI technology.

Question 28

What does hemodynamics refer to in the context of fMRI?

Answer 28

The movement of blood within the brain and the levels of oxygen in the blood. ## Footnote Hemodynamics is crucial for understanding brain activity.

Question 29

How does fMRI detect brain activity?

Answer 29

By measuring changes in hemoglobin saturation levels in response to neural activity. ## Footnote Active neurons require more oxygen, affecting hemoglobin levels.

Question 30

What happens to hemoglobin that carries a lot of oxygen in an fMRI scan?

Answer 30

It appears differently on the scanner compared to hemoglobin carrying less oxygen. ## Footnote This difference helps identify areas of brain activity.

Question 31

What type of tasks do participants perform during an fMRI study?

Answer 31

They perform several tasks, and their brain activity is compared to baseline activity at rest. ## Footnote This comparison helps isolate task-related brain activity.

Question 32

What advantage does fMRI have over PET scanning?

Answer 32

It provides better spatial resolution. ## Footnote Spatial resolution refers to the ability to distinguish between different brain areas.

Question 33

What is a limitation of fMRI compared to PET scanning?

Answer 33

It has poorer time resolution. ## Footnote This is due to the gradual changes in blood oxygen saturation in response to neural activity.

Question 34

In what context is fMRI primarily used?

Answer 34

As a research tool rather than for inpatient care. ## Footnote It has significantly contributed to our understanding of brain function.