Chapter 5 - Human Movement Science

Question 0

SUPERIOR

Answer 0

Positioned above a point of reference.

Question 1

BIOMECHANICS

Answer 1

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.

Question 2

PROXIMAL

Answer 2

Positioned below a point of reference.

Question 3

DISTAL

Answer 3

Positioned farthest from the center of the body, or point of reference.

Question 4

ANTERIOR (OR VENTRAL)

Answer 4

On the front of the body.

Question 5

POSTERIOR (OR DORSAL)

Answer 5

On the back of the body.

Question 6

MEDIAL

Answer 6

Positioned near the middle of the body.

Question 7

LATERAL

Answer 7

Positioned toward the outside of the body.

Question 8

CONTRALATERAL

Answer 8

Positioned on the opposite side of the body.

Question 9

IPSILATERAL

Answer 9

Positioned on the same side of the body.

Question 10

ANATOMIC POSITION

Answer 10

The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward. The anatomic position is of importance in anatomy because it is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature. Anatomic terms such as anterior and posterior, medial and lateral, and abductin and adduction apply to the body when it is in the anatomic position.

Question 11

SAGITTAL PLANE

Answer 11

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves.

Question 12

FLEXION

Answer 12

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.

Question 13

EXTENSION

Answer 13

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.

Question 14

HYPEREXTENSION

Answer 14

Extension of a join beyond the normal limit or range of motion.

Question 15

FRONTAL PLANE

Answer 15

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves.

Question 16

ABDUCTION

Answer 16

A movement in the frontal plan away from the midline of the boy.

Question 17

ADDUCTION

Answer 17

Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body.

Question 18

TRANSVERSE PLANE

Answer 18

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves.

Question 19

INTERNAL ROTATION

Answer 19

Rotation of a join away from the middle of the body.

Question 20

EXTERNAL ROTATION

Answer 20

Rotation of a join away from the middle of the body.

Question 21

HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION

Answer 21

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position.

Question 22

HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION

Answer 22

Movement of the arm of thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position.

Question 23

SCAPULAR RETRACTION

Answer 23

Adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward the midline.

Question 24

SCAPULAR PROTRACTION

Answer 24

Abduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from the midline.

Question 25

SCAPULAR DEPRESSION

Answer 25

Downward (inferior) motion of the scapula.

Question 26

SCAPULAR ELEVATION

Answer 26

Upward (superior) motion of the scapula.

Question 27

ECCENTRIC MUSCLE ACTION

Answer 27

An eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening.

Question 28

CONCENTRIC MUSCLE ACTION

Answer 28

When a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle.

Question 29

ISOMETRIC MUSCLE ACTION

Answer 29

When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length.

Question 30

ISOKINETIC MUSCLE ACTION

Answer 30

When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion.

Question 31

FORCE

Answer 31

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object.

Question 32

LENGTH-TENSION RELATIONSHIP

Answer 32

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length.

Question 33

FORCE COUPLE

Answer 33

Muscle group moving together to produce movement around a joint.

Question 34

ROTARY MOTION

Answer 34

Movement of the bones around the joints.

Question 35

TORQUE

Answer 35

A force that produces rotation. Common unit of torque is the newton-meter or Nm.

Question 36

MOTOR BEHAVIOR

Answer 36

Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli.

Question 37

MOTOR CONTROL

Answer 37

How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response.

Question 38

MOTOR LEARNING

Answer 38

Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements.

Question 39

MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

Answer 39

The change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan.

Question 40

MUSCLE SYNERGIES

Answer 40

Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement.

Question 41

PROPRIOCEPTION

Answer 41

The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements.

Question 42

SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION

Answer 42

The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement.

Question 43

FEEDBACK

Answer 43

The use of the sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the human movement system in motor learning.

Question 44

INTERNAL FEEDBACK

Answer 44

The process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment.

Question 45

EXTERNAL FEEDBACK

Answer 45

Information provided by some external source, such as a health and fitness progressional, videotape, mirror, or heart rate monitor, to supplement the internal environment.