Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism

Question 1

Anabolic reaction

Answer 1

• “building up”
• uses energy; endergonic reaction
• biosynthesis
• dehydration reaction

Question 2

Catabolic reaction

Answer 2

• “breaking down”
• degration
• hydrolytic reaction
• releases energy: exogonic reaction

Question 3

what type of reaction is glycolysis

Answer 3

• anaerobic reaction

Question 4

Products of glycolysis

Answer 4

• 2 pyruvic acid
• 2 NADH
• 2 ATP

Question 5

the krebs cycle is also called

Answer 5

• tricarboxylic acid cycle
• citric acid cycle

Question 6

what type of reaction is the krebs cycle?

Answer 6

• aerobic

Question 7

what are the products of the krebs cycle

Answer 7

• 8 NADH
• 2 FADH
• 2 ATP
• 6 CO2 and 2 h2O (waste)

Question 8

What is the net ATP of an aerobic reaction

Answer 8

• 36 ATP
  
  • 2 ATPS are lost in transport between glycolysis and the intermediate steps

Question 9

Glycolysis is an eukayotic cell occurs in the

Answer 9

• cytoplasm

Question 10

Glycolysis in a prokaryotic cell occurs in the

Answer 10

• cytoplasm

Question 11

The intermediate steps in a eukayote occur in the

Answer 11

• cytoplasm

Question 12

the krebs cycle in a prokayote occur in the

Answer 12

• cytoplasm

Question 12

The intermediate steps in a prokayote occur in the

Answer 12

• cytoplasm

Question 12

the krebs cycle in a eurkayote cell occur in the

Answer 12

• mitocondrial matrix

Question 13

The electron transport chain in a eukaryote occurs in the

Answer 13

• mitocondrial inner membrane

Question 14

The electron transport chain in a prokaryotic cell occurs in the

Answer 14

• plasma membrane

Question 15

Intermediate step

Answer 15

• pyruvic acid (from gycolysis) is oxidized and decarbonized and produces NADH

Question 16

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 16

• a series of carrrier molecules that oxidize and reduced as electrons are passed down the chain
• chemiosmosis

Question 17

Carrier molecules in the electron transport chain consist of

Answer 17

• FMN
• Q
• Cytochromes

Question 18

Chemiosomotic mechanism is also called

Answer 18

• oxidative phosphorylation

Question 19

Purpose of enzymes

Answer 19

• biological catalysts
• speed up a reaction
• reduce actiation energy
• specific for a reaction; a specific substrate
• are a protein

Question 20

simple protien (enzyme)

Answer 20

• only protein

Question 21

Activation site can be thought of as a ___________ mechanism

Answer 21

• lock and key

Question 22

Conjugated protein (enzyme) consists of

Answer 22

• apoenzyme
• cofactor

Question 23

What is a HOLO enzyme made up of

Answer 23

- apoenzyme and cofactor

Question 24

Apoenzyme

Answer 24

- protein portion

Question 25

co-factor

Answer 25

- non-protein conponent

Question 26

a co-factor is made up of

Answer 26

- inorganic co-enzyme - organic co-enzyme

Question 27

Inorganic examples

Answer 27

- magnisium - iron - calcium

Question 28

Organic / co-enzymes is deprived form

Answer 28

- vitamin B

Question 29

purpose of Organic

Answer 29

- used to carry electrons to the electron transport chain / oxidative phospharylation

Question 30

Important Co-enzymes

Answer 30

- NAD - NADP - FAD - FMN - coenzyme A

Question 31

NAD

Answer 31

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide - primarily involved in catabolic reactions - deprived from vit B nican (nicotinic acid) - ia an electron carrier

Question 32

NADP

Answer 32

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate - is a electron carrier - is a derivative of vitamin B riboflavin

Question 33

FMN

Answer 33

Flavin MonoNucleotide - deprived from B vitamin Riboflavin - is an electron carrier

Question 34

Co-enzyme A

Answer 34

- contains a deriative of Pantothemic acid (vitamin B) - plays an important role in the synthesis / breakdown of fats in a series of oxidative reactions called the krebs cycle

Question 35

what are the factors that influence enzyme activity

Answer 35

- tempurature - PH - substrate cencentration - inhibator

Question 36

Competativie inhibator example

Answer 36

- Sulfanilamide (replaces para-amino benzoic acid PABA ---> produces folic acid--> backbone of DNA and RNA) - harmful during pregnacy - jaundice

Question 37

competitive inhibitor

Answer 37

- competes for the active site

Question 38

Non - competitive inhibator

Answer 38

- occupies the allosteric site - alters the active site - feedback inhabition

Question 39

feedback inhabition

Answer 39

- excess of end product ****read more

Question 40

Dehydregentation

Answer 40

- loses an electron and proton

Question 41

Hydgrogenation

Answer 41

- gains an electron and a proton

Question 42

Example of a oxidation reduction reaction

Answer 42

glucose + NAD = C6H11O5 + NADH

Question 43

3 ways ATP is formed

Question 44

Aerobic respiration is prokayotes

Answer 44

38 ATP

Question 45

Aerobic respiration in eukaryotes

Answer 45

- 36 ATP

Question 46

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 46

- does not use oxegen ; can use NO3, NO2, SO4, CO3 - ATP varies

Question 47

examples of an anerobic bacteria

Answer 47

- clostridium species

Question 48

Fermentation

Answer 48

- can be used with or without o2 - glycolysis only - yeilds 2 atp

Question 49

Species example of fermentation

Answer 49

Lactobacillus ----> latic acid yeast ---. co2 + ethanol (both absorb electons)