Chapter 8: Microbial Genetics Flashcards
(52 cards)
Genetics
the study of what genes are; how they carry information, how information is expressed, and how genes are replicated
Gene
a segment of DNA that encodes a functional product; usually a protein
Genome
the entire genetic complement of an organism ; includes its genes and nucleotide sequence
DNA is a ________
polyneucleotide
in DNA A pairs with
T
in DNA G pairs with
C
DNA has an ___________ nature
antiparellel nature
the antiparallel structure provides what to DNA
stability
leading strand
5’ –> 3’
- DNA polymerase picks up new neucleotides from cytoplasm, proof reads, and attatched complemetary based, making a new strand
lagging strand
3’ –> 5’
- DNA polymerase cannot identify because it is upside down, so enzyme RNA polymerase forms a short strand of RNA primer, now DNA polymerase can read strand and adds new neucleotides by removing RNA primer and RNA polymerase, DNA polymerase make fragments
in seniconsevative replication what enzyme unzips/ unwinds DNA
DNA helicase
in the second step of semiconservative replication, what enzyme stabilizes / relieves tension on the unziped DNA
DNA gyrase
what is the third step in seniconservative replication
forms replication fork
what enzyme is used to proof read the leading strand
DNA polymerase
DNA polmerase
- proof reads
- in leading strand
what enzyme is used in the lagging strand to produce an RNA primer
RNA polymerase
what enzyme is used in the lagging strand to add new neucleotides
DNA polymerase
what are the short fragments called after the lagging strand digests RNA primer
okazki fragments
what are the three enzymes used in the the semiconservative replication of the lagging strand
- RNA polymerase
2, DNA polymerase - DNA ligase
transcription is the _______ of DNA
copying
transcription is a prokaryote cell occurs in the
cytoplasm
transcription in a Eukaryote cell occurs in the
nucleus
in a Eukaryote cell the transcribed RNA leaves the nucleus through
the nucleuar pore
RNA is _______ stranded
single
