Chapter 5 Test: 12/4 Flashcards
0
Q
Describe the EE political structure
A
Inefficient, therefore weak
1
Q
main social unit of Eastern Europe
A
The agricultural estates, land owners dominate
2
Q
Religion of the HRE
A
Catholicism
3
Q
Religion of Poland
A
Catholicism
4
Q
Religion of Ottoman Empire
A
Muslim
5
Q
Religion of Russia
A
Eastern Orthodox
6
Q
Religion of Sweden
A
Lutheran
7
Q
Religion of Prussia
A
Lutheran
8
Q
When was the HRE weakened?
A
After the treaty of Westfalen
9
Q
Who rules the HRE?
A
The Hapsburgs
10
Q
Why is the ruler of the HRE so powerful?
A
- Rules Austria
- Hereditary king of Bohemia
- Hereditary king of Hungary
11
Q
Who are the Magyars?
A
A group of Hungarians who gain power and rival the Hapsburgs
12
Q
Who leads the Magyars revolt?
A
Prince Francis Rakoczy
13
Q
Who finances the Magyars revolt and why?
A
France; hate Hapsburgs
14
Q
Who is the HRE’s biggest rival?
A
Ottoman Empire
15
Q
Who saves the HRE from the attack of their biggest rival?
A
King of Poland
16
Q
What does the Treaty of Karlowitz do?
A
- Ends oppression by the Turks
2. HRE reclaims Hungary and Transylvania
17
Q
Why was the Pragmatic Sanction issued?
A
HRE King Charles VI has only a female heir, Maria Theresa
18
Q
What was the purpose of the Pragmatic Sanction?
A
To stop rulers from taking advantage of a “weak” female ruler
19
Q
What does the Pragmatic Sanction say?
A
Rulers agree to recognize Maria Theresa as empress and they won’t attack her
20
Q
What does the Union of Lublin do?
A
Unifies Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania
21
Q
What was the largest religious minority in Poland?
A
Jews
22
Q
How does someone become king of Poland?
A
Elected through the nobility who hold the power (no middle class)
23
Q
name of Polish nobility
A
slazchta
24
Official language of Poland
Latin
25
What's the Liberum Veto?
Any man can stand up and disband the diet
26
Why is Poland's government inefficient?
Elects king through bribery
27
Who becomes king of Poland after August III dies?
Stanislaw Poniatowski
28
Who promotes Poniatowski as king?
Catherine the Great of Russia & the Prussians
29
What reforms does Poniatowski initiate?
1. Tax
2. Military
3. Emancipated serfs
4. Encourages industry
5. Education
30
What causes the First Partition of Poland?
OE & Russia go to war and Austria threatens to join OE's side. To prevent this Prussian ruler Frederick II the Great suggests that Prussia, Russia, and Austria each get a piece (1/3 is lost)
31
Effects of the 3rd Partition of Poland
1. Restoration of Poland becomes a liberal cause until restoration after WWII
2. Warns other countries to "suit up" or disappear
32
Who is the powerhouse of Europe?
Sweden
33
What vital part of Europe does Sweden dominate?
The Baltics
34
What ruler brings Sweden to glory?
Gustavus Aldophus
35
What Swedish king loses the most territory?
Charles XII in the Great Northern War
36
Who takes over the OE government?
Military unit called the Jannisaries
37
What is the ruler of the OE called?
Sultan
38
What is the Grand Vizier?
Second in command of OE
39
Who tried to revolve the role of emperor in the OE?
The Grand Vizier Kiupril family
40
What is the largest minority religion in the OE?
Greek Orthodox
41
What ethnicity is Russia?
Slavs
42
What is the first great Southern Russian city?
Kiev
43
What dynasty rules Kiev?
Riruik
44
How does Kiev prosper?
```
Upperclass dominates trade
Lower class dominates farming
```
45
What are the Russian nobility called?
Boyars
46
What are the classes of Russian nobility?
1. Druznina (given title due to military service)
| 2. Non-Service Nobility
47
What is a half free Russian indentured servant called?
Zakup
48
What is the major Northern Russian city?
Novgorod
49
Who adopts Orthodox Christianity in Kiev?
Vladimir Prince of Kiev
50
What are the two types of Russian clergy?
1. Black: monks
| 2. White: village priests who can marry
51
What is the Russian council/nobility called?
Bolarskaia Duma
52
What is a Russian town meeting called?
Veche where all free men can participate, but only male heads of household can vote
53
Iraslov the Wise
Ruler of Kiev responsible for writing Russkaia Pravda, Russia's first written law code
54
Who leads the Mongolian invasion of Kiev?
Batu
55
What do the Mongolians want from Kiev?
1. Taxes
| 2. Army recruits
56
Alexander Nevsky
Prince of Novogrod who defended his kingdom from Teutonic Knights during Battle on the Ice
57
What city takes Kiev's place after it falls to Mongolia?
Moscow
58
What's another name for Moscow and who is it named after?
Kuchkova; Kuchka
59
Daniel
Ruler of Moscow who produces stability through introducing a hereditary monarch
60
Ivan I the Moneybags
1. Becomes grand prince of Moscow after offering to collect taxes for tartars which makes Moscow richer
2. He also makes Moscow the religious center of Russia
61
Dmitri "Donskoi"
Moscow ruler who Defeats Mongols at Battle of Kulikova, resulting in the destruction of the myth that Mongolia is invincible
62
Ivan III the Great
1. First to use title of Tsar
| 2. Marries Zoe Paleologus, niece of the Byzantine emperor, thus allowing him to claim the throne in Constantinople
63
Vasili III
Adopts Third Rome Theory by Abbot Filofei of Pskov: Rome falls, Constantinople falls, Moscow currently rules
64
Ivan IV the Terrible
1. Introduces Mestnichestvo (precedence in government/military based on family) in Moscow
2. Marries Anastasia Zakharin-Kashkin (a Romanov)
3. Creates General Militarty Regulations for the Gentry
4. Creates Streltsky
5. Creates oprichina
6. Accidentally kills heir Dmitri
7. Opens trade with England through Muscovy Co.
65
What's the Streltsky?
Nationwide militia
66
What's the oprichina?
Divides Russia into two parts ruled by two separate tsars
67
Feodor I the Bellringer
Produces no heir so house of Riurik ends
68
Boris Gudanov
1. Not supported by Boyar due to allegations of murdering Ivan's last son
2. Civil war during his rule
69
Hermogen
Calls for Crusade to drive Poles out of Russia
70
Michael Romanov
1. Ends Time of Troubles in Russia
| 2. Establishes new dynasty which introduces stability
71
Alexis
1. Don Cossaks revolt led by Stinka Razin who is defeated
| 2. Religious Great Schism led by Patriarch Nixon
72
Feodore the Meek
Abolishes system of precedence
73
Veccina
Inherited from state
74
Bemetzi
Granted by the state
75
Peter I the Great
1. Has no heir
| 2. Goal: reform
76
What do the Russian elite speak?
Latin
77
What do the Russian commoners speak?
Vernacular
78
What do all Russians have in common?
1. Disease
| 2. Religion
79
Where is trade in great demand?
1. Asia: teas, spices
2. America: Europeans want cotton
3. Africa: Americans want African slaves for farm labor
80
Who benefits most from this era of trade?
France, Dutch, Britain
81
What dynasty ruled England?
The Hanovers
82
Why does parliaments power in England grow?
The Hanovers were more interested in self promotion than the progress of England
83
What are the dominant parties in England?
Whigs & Torys
84
What office develops under the Hanover dynasty?
Prime Minister
85
What is the Whigs advantage?
Whig Oligarchy (small group has control)
86
Define rotten boros
Areas that are overrepresented in parliament
87
What was the Enclosure Movement?
Yeoman moving into urban areas to find work; England is prosperous
88
George I
appoints first prime minister of England
89
Who was the first Prime Minister of England?
Robert Wallpool
90
What was the first prime ministers major accomplishments?
1. Architect of the cabinet of the government
| 2. Pays the national debt in order to get national support, though he doesn't believe debt is bad if payed
91
Bubble Act
English law under George I that said only government chartered companies can sell stock
93
Who was Charles Stuart?
Tried to reclaim the Scottish throne from England, but is defeated, so George II breaks up all Scottish clans in England as a result
94
George III
tries to regain England's lost monarchical power but fails
95
Joint Stock Company
a company who's stock is owned by shareholders
96
Mississippi Company
gets monopoly on all French colonial trade in exchange for promising to pay off the national debt. however, company goes bankrupt and France is forced to repudiate all national debt
97
Jethro Tull
makes horse drawn cultivator/seed planter
98
Robert Bakewell
introduces selective breeding in livestock
99
James Watt
builds a steam engine that can power large industrial machinery
100
Louis XV
French king who allows parliament to reassert itself in France
101
Cardinal Fleury
regent under Louis XV of France who cuts debt and encourages mercantilism, therefore creating a prosperous France
102
What was France's biggest problem?
the wealthy and nobility and churches pay no taxes, therefore the poor and middle class are paying taxes, but most can't afford to do so, so the government is going broke
103
What was the taille?
property tax paid by the peasants in France
104
What was Ving Tieme?
a failed attempt at tax reform with a 5% tax on all property
105
What was the capitol of Prussia?
Berlin
106
Who is the ruling dynasty of Prussia?
Hoenzallins
107
Frederick William "the elector"
ruler of Prussia-Brandenburg, later becomes first king
1. creates efficient civil service
2. encourages industry
3. strengthens the army
108
What did Frederick William believe the ultimate human virtue was?
service to the state
109
What was Frederick the Great's nickname?
the enlightened despot
110
What is the Anti-Machiavel?
book loved by Frederick the Great (of Prussia) that said that the monarch isn't the absolute master, but only ther first servant of the state
111
What were Frederick the Great's major accomplishments?
1. makes serfs hereditary subjects of yonkers
| 2. reforms schools and the justice system
112
What were Maria Theresa's goals for the HRE?
1. guarantee plenty of taxes and soldiers
2. break the power of local nobles
3. replace local officials with government paid officials
4. encourage free trade
113
Who was Maria Theresa's co-ruler?
her son and heir, Joseph
114
What is Joseph a prime example of?
An enlightened despot
115
What are examples of Joseph's role as an enlightened despot?
1. brings tax equality
2. creates equal punishments for crime
3. believes in freedom of the press
4. believes in religious freedom
116
Describe the cause of the War of Polish Succession
new king needed in Poland and Louis XVI of France wants his anti-Hapsburg father in law to become king but he fails
117
Who opposes Louis XVI's proposal for the Polish throne?
Austria and Prussia
118
What peace ends the War of Polish Succession?
Treaty of Vienna
119
What causes the War of Austrian Succession?
Prussian King Frederick II violated the Pragmatic Sanction by taking Silisia (a part of Austria)
120
What ends the War of Austrian Succession?
The Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle which gives Silisia to Prussia
121
What was the Diplomatic Revolution?
Austria and France become allies when Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI wed; Prussia becomes allies with Great Britain
122
Who led the Diplomatic Revolution?
Count Wenzel Von Kaunitz
123
What caused the French and Indian War?
1. Britain and France fight to control the Ohio River Valley
2. Britain and France fight over trade with the Indians
3. Austria and France attempt to partition Prussia
124
Who created French territory in India?
Jean Dupliex and Robert Clive
125
What ends the Black Hole of Calcutta (British POW camp)?
The Treaty of Paris where France loses all North American colonies
126
Catherine I
becomes Russian queen when Peter dies
127
Alexander Menshikov
dominates the Russian government under Catherine I
128
Peter II
king after Catherine I of Russia
129
Ivan Dolgorvky
advisor to Peter II of Russia who sends Menshikov into exile
130
Anna
German daughter of Tsar Ivan V who becomes queen of Russia after promising to accept "The Conditions", which she does, but quickly allows Germans to run the country
131
Primo Geneter
law abolished by Anna that stated that the oldest son gets all property
132
Ivan VI
Russian infant king who is overthrown by Elizabeth
133
Elizabeth
daughter of Peter the Great who returns Russians to authority, restores the senate, and rules through favorites
134
Peter III
hated Russia even though he is King
135
Who did Peter III marry?
Catherine Anhalt-Zerhst (later Catherine the Great)
136
What happens to Petter III?
The Orlov brothers help Catherine II the Great overthrow/kill him
137
How does Catherine the great reward her subjects?
patronage (titles, serfs, estates)
138
What ideas does Catherine the Great implement?
the Enlightenment
139
What does Catherine the Great do for the legal system?
creates the Legislative Commission to recodify the legal system but it fails
140
Charter of the Nobility
Russian law under Catherine the Great which allows the nobility in each district to create a legal body headed by the marshall and the nobility, who can petition the Tsar directly over issues and frees them from certain taxes and gives them rights in court
141
What were Catherine the Great's major accomplishments?
1. small pox vaccine
| 2. expands trade and education
142
Pugachev Uprising
Don Cossacks claims to be Peter III and attempts to reclaim the Russian thrown during their war with Turkey
143
What were the results of the Pugachev Uprising?
Catherine realizes more local government is needed, even though Pugachev is defeated
144
Why was the Battle of Chesma important?
a battle during the Furst Russo Turkish War under Catherine the Great. important because the British begin to fear Russia's naval power
145
What peace ends the First Russo Turkish War?
Treaty of Kachuck-Kainarj:
1. Crimea comes under control of Russia, allowing them access to the Black Sea
2. Russia gets access to Dardanelles and is recognized as protector of all Orthodox Christians in the OE
146
What caused the Second Russo Turkish War?
Russia annexes Crimea to build a fortress at Sevastapol
147
Who led the Greek Project?
Part of the 2nd Russo Turkish War led by Prince Gregory Potemkin
148
What was the goal of the Greek Project?
capture Constantinople
149
What peace ended the Second Russo Turkish War?
Treaty of Jassy which confirms Russia's ownership of Crimea
