Chapter 8 Test: 3/5 Flashcards by Devin D.

What country first experiences the industrial revolution?

Great Britain

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Why was Europe’s economy on the decline in the early 1800s? (Know 3)

Sudden stoppage of war production materials
Unemployment rose
Government debt from war
Inflated prices

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What were the Enclosure Acts?

Enclosed the common land with fences, etc. so that the governments private property can be rented out to farmers

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Effects of the Enclosure Acts

Greater productivity

2. Displaces poor or homeless people

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What was the merchant marine?

Trade over see or merchants using water for transportation of goods; Navy grows to protect them

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Thomas Newcomen

Builds the first economically significant steam engine that is used to drive pumps in coal mines

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John Kay

Developed a fly shuttle which allows a single person to operate the loom

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Richard Arkwright

Develops a steam engine engine powerful enough to drive spinning wheels

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Eli Whitney

Invents the cotton gin which increases cotton market and demand

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George Stephenson

Invented “The Rocket” which was the first successful locomotive

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Who wrote Wealth of Nations?

Adam Smith

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describe the Manchester School of Economics

led by Thomas Equilibrium and David Ricardo
believed that certain natural laws govern
everyone should follow own best interest

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What did Ricardo believe were duties of the government?

protect life, property, provide reasonable laws, reliable courts, and assure the discharge of private contracts

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Principles of the Manchester School of Econ

Each has own enlightened best interest
Government has duties
Free trade
Business education and charity is a private initiative
Iron law of wagers

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Who was prime minister during the industrial revolution?

Robert Jenkins (Tory)

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What were Robert Jenkin’s beliefs?

Laissez-faire

2. No government relief for social or economical issues

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What was the Corn Law?

Eliminated foreign grain by placing a high tariff on it

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Henry Hunt

believed in universal suffrage and annual parliamentary meetings

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Francis Place

Forms labor union for political action

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William Cobbet

Editor of register; wants to reform parliament, church, suffrage, corn laws, and repudiate national debt

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Arthur Thistlewood

Violent revolutionist aiming to overthrow the monarchy in favor of a republic and who organized the Spafield Rally

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Purpose of the Cato Street Conspiracy

Assassinate the Prime Minister/Cabinet and declare a republic, but fails

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Peterlou Massacre

Led by Henry Hunt in Manchester England;

Militia is sent in and tracks crowd

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George V

Unpopular because runs up gambling/partying debt

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Prime Minister under George V

Canning (Tory); first to understand and manipulate public opinion

Sir Robert Peal

Secretary of Home Affairs | Initiates Metropolitan Police Act

Duke of Wellington

PM after Canning

What is the biggest issue in Britain?

Irish/Catholic relations

Who leads the Irish?

Daniel O'Connell

Catholic Relief Bill of 1829

Allowed Irish the right to vote and restored Irish parliament

Effects of the Catholic Belief Bill

Splits the Torys, they go out of power

Who is king of GB after George V?

William IV

What happens under king William?

Slavery is abolished

Reform Bill of 1832

Gives middle class more say in government

Factory Act of 1832

Prohibits child labor

Education Act of 1833

Begins public education in Britain

Poor Laws of 1834

Only receive public aid if income is under certain level

Who rules after William IV?

Victoria

Victorian Compromise?

1. The nobility and the middle class control the government | 2. Laws will be passed to protect working class and poor

Chartest Movement

Put together "people's charter"

What did the People's Charter say?

1. Demand universal suffrage 2. Voting by ballot 3. Annual parliament meetings 4. Remove property qualifications 5. Equal electoral districts

Anti Corn Law League

Led by Robert Cobden and John Bright | Want to repeal the laws

First Restored King of France

Louis XVIII

the first constitution of France after the monarchy is restored

The Charter

Article 14

Allows king to rule by decree in an emergency

The White Terror

Bonapartists are lynched; foreign troops are withdrawn but France is still feared

Last Bourbon King

Charles X

Charles X's Ideas

1. New restrictive press laws 2. Attempts to increase prestige of Catholic Church 3. Financially compensates nobles who lost their property in the revolution 4. Publicly refers to the a Divine Right of Kings 5. Abolishes National Guard

Le Nationale

By Adolphe Theirs 1. More liberal government 2. Wants to replace dynasty with House of Orleans

July Ordinance

1. King calls elections invalid 2. King calls for new elections 3. Restricts number of voters 4. New censorship of media

What sparked the French Revolution?

July Ordinance

Who becomes King when Charles abdicates the throne?

"Miracle Child" with Louis Phillipe as regent

Orleanist Liberalism

Anyone who works hard can earn the right to vote

What kind of policies did Louis Phillipe make?

Middle of the road; semi liberal/conservative

Who abdicates the throne during the Revolution of 1848?

Louis Phillipe

What is established after the Revolution of 1848?

The 2nd Republic

What was the Club of Clubs?

supporters of the monarchy who win the new election

June Days Uprising

violence erupts in protest of the new elections

General Louis Caviagnac

given temporary powers of a dictator for 6 months to restore order and crush the rebellion

Who is elected as leader of the 2nd Republic?

Louis Napoleon

What are the divisions of Monarchists?

1. Burbonists 2. Orleanists 3. Bonapartists

Who is the liberal king of Prussia who promises reform?

Frederick Wilhelm

What does Wilhelm do to try to make the people like him?

he sends the army out of the city, but then the people form their own Constitutional Assembly so he calls the army back in and proposes a new constitution himself

Who led Wilhelm's government?

Ludolph Camphausen

What countries were involved in the Crimean War?

1. Ottoman Empire 2. Russia 3. Britain 4. France 5. Sardenia

What sparks the Crimean War?

who gets the keys to the Holy Places in Jerusalem

What was the Vienna Note?

an attempt by the Austrians to negotiate between the Turks and the Russians but they reject it

Who destroyed the Turkish fleet and what city was bombed?

Russia destroys fleet; bombs Sinop (turns public opinion against the war)

What was the goal of the allied forces through most of the Crimean War?

capture Sevastapol

During what battle do the allies finally accomplish their goal?

Battle of Alma River

What happens at the Battle of Balaclava?

the infamous Charge of the Light Brigade by the British army which inspired Tennison's poem

What was Austria's loophole regarding entering the Crimean War in the Four Point of Vienna?

they will only enter if other German states provide support

Describe the Treaty of Paris of 1856

1. Russia renounces it's role as protector of Orthodox Christians 2. Declaration of Paris: noncontroban must be respected on Neutral Ships