chapter 54 - exam 4

Question 1

what cranial nerves carry SVE for taste

Answer 1

VII, IX, X

Question 2

what cranial nerve carries SVE for smell

Answer 2

CN I

Question 3

Which embryonic vesicle gives rise to the olfactory pathway?

Answer 3

telencephalon

Question 4

the sense of smell evolved into the _____ system

Answer 4

limbic

Question 5

characteristics of smell

Answer 5

volatile substances can be smelled, low threshold amount, rapid adaptation, qualitative, affective

Question 6

olfactory transduction

Answer 6

odor binds to hair cell, activates g-protein, + cyclic amp

Question 7

cells in the nasal cavity

Answer 7

bipolar olfactory cells, bowman’s cells, + sustentacular cells

Question 8

bipolar olfactory cells

Answer 8

odor binds to these cells. go through the cribiform plate

Question 9

bowman’s cells/glands

Answer 9

produce mucus

Question 10

sustentacular cells

Answer 10

provide structure to bipolar neurons

Question 11

cells inside the olfactory bulb

Answer 11

glomeruli, mitral/tufted cells, juxtaglomerular cells, + granule cells

Question 12

glomeruli

Answer 12

site of synapse between bipolar olfactory neurons + mitral/tufted cells

Question 13

mitral/tufted cells

Answer 13

form the olfactory tract

Question 14

juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 14

lateral inhibition, modify output, help with sensory adaptation

Question 15

granule cells

Answer 15

receive retrograde signals from cns to trigger rapid sensory adaptation

Question 16

very old CNS pathway

Answer 16

basic reflexes/phermones. medial olfactory to hypothalamus/limbic system

Question 17

less old CNS pathway

Answer 17

automatic. lateral olfactory to hippocampus/limbic system + paleocortex

Question 18

new CNS pathway

Answer 18

conscious perception + analysis of odors. lateral olfactory to thalamus to orbitofrontal cortex

Question 19

sensory innervation taste anterior 2/3 of tongue

Answer 19

facial n via chordae tympani n

Question 20

sensory innervation general pain/temp anterior 2/3 of tongue

Answer 20

mandibular branch of trigeminal

Question 21

sensory innervation taste + general posterior 1/3 of tongue

Answer 21

glossopharyngeal

Question 22

sensory innervation taste + general back of throat

Answer 22

vagus

Question 23

motor innervation to the tongue

Answer 23

hypoglossal

Question 24

motor innervation to palate muscles

Answer 24

vagus

Question 25

motor innervation to pharyngeal muscles

Answer 25

vagus

Question 26

motor innervation to laryngeal muscles

Answer 26

recurrent laryngeal n of vagus

Question 27

sweet taste receptors

Answer 27

inosine + adenosine

Question 28

sweet taste type of food

Answer 28

organic chemicals, short chain carbons

Question 29

salty taste receptors

Answer 29

sodium, potassium, chloride

Question 30

salty taste type of food

Answer 30

ionized salts

Question 31

sour taste receptors

Answer 31

hydrogen ions

Question 32

sour types of food

Answer 32

acids

Question 33

bitter taste receptors

Answer 33

adenosine + inosine

Question 34

bitter taste type of food

Answer 34

organic chemicals, long chain carbons, alkaloids

Question 35

savory taste receptor

Answer 35

l-glutamate + umami

Question 36

savory taste type of food

Answer 36

glutamate in meat/cheese + msg

Question 37

what type of taste is the most sensitive

Answer 37

bitter

Question 38

what kind of channels are opened by salty + sour taste

Answer 38

ligand gated ion channels

Question 39

what kind of cells are taste buds

Answer 39

modified epithelial cells (sustentacular cells)

Question 40

circumvallate papilla

Answer 40

large bumps in front of sulcus terminalis

Question 41

foliate papilla

Answer 41

along lateral edges of tongue

Question 42

fungiform papilla

Answer 42

anterior surface

Question 43

anterior 2/3 of tongue general sensation pathway

Answer 43

mandibular branch of trigeminal through foramen ovale

Question 44

anterior 2/3 of tongue taste pathway

Answer 44

chorda tympani branch facial n through IAM

Question 45

posterior 1/3 of tongue taste pathway

Answer 45

glossopharyngeal n through jugular foramen

Question 46

back of throat/pharynx/larynx taste pathway

Answer 46

vagus n through jugular foramen

Question 47

gag reflex

Answer 47

CN IX + X detect bolus of food too large which triggers CN X to prevent choking

Question 48

What taste pathway has cell bodies in the geniculate ganglion

Answer 48

Facial n pathway

Question 49

What taste pathway has cell bodies in the petrosal ganglion

Answer 49

CN IX glossopharyngeal n pathway

Question 50

What taste pathway has cell bodies in the nodose/inferior vagal ganglion

Answer 50

Vagus n (CN X)

Question 51

What is the brainstem nuclei for taste

Answer 51

Solitary tract/tractus solitary’s