Chapter 6

Question 1

Selective attention

Answer 1

THE focusing OF conscious awareness on a particular stimulus , as in the cocktail party effect

Question 2

Inattentional blindness

Answer 2

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

Question 3

Visual capture

Answer 3

The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses

Question 4

Gestalt

Answer 4

A configuration orpatter of elements so unified as a whole that it cannot be described merely as a sum of its parts

Question 5

Figure ground

Answer 5

The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that sound out from their surroundings (the ground)

Question 6

Grouping

Answer 6

Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

Question 7

Depth perception

Answer 7

The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional; allows us to judge distance

Question 8

Visual cliff

Answer 8

A labortoory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Question 9

Binocular queue

Answer 9

Depth queue such as retinal disparity and convergence that depends on the use of both eyes

Question 10

Retinal disparity

Answer 10

A binocular cue for perceiving death by comparing images from the two eyeballs , the brain computes distance, the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the close the object

Question 11

Convergence

Answer 11

The occupancy of two or more things coming together

Question 12

Monocular cues

Answer 12

Depth cues, SUCH as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone

Question 13

Phi phenomenon

Answer 13

An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

Question 14

Perceptual constancy

Answer 14

Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness color shape and size even as illumination and retinal images change

Question 15

Persoetual adaption

Answer 15

In vision, THE ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or EVEN Incerted visual field

The ability of the body to adapt to environment by filtering out distractions

Question 16

Perceptual set

Answer 16

A mental predispotion to perceive one thing and not another

Question 17

Human factors psychology

Answer 17

The study of how people and machines interact and the design or safe and easily used machines and environments

Question 18

Extrasensorh perception

Answer 18

Apparent power to perceive things that aren’t present to the senses

Question 19

Parapsychology

Answer 19

Phenomena that appears to contradict physical laws and suggest the possibility of causation by mental processes

Question 20

Telepathy

Answer 20

Mind to mind communication. One person sending thoughts and the other receiving them

Question 21

Clairvoyance

Answer 21

Perception of remote events, such as sensing a friends house on fire

Question 22

Precognition

Answer 22

Proceeding future events such as political leaders death

Question 23

Psychokinesis

Answer 23

Mind over matter, such as levitating a table

Question 24

Human factors psychologists

Answer 24

Design machines that assist our natural perceptions for example the knobs for the stove burners on the right are easier to understand than those in the left

Question 25

L what is form perception

Answer 25

Form perception brings order and form to stimuli by organizing them into meaningful groups

Question 26

Figure ground

Answer 26

It captures the idea that in perceiving a visual field some objects take a prominent role the figures while others receipt in the background

Question 27

Law of proximity

Answer 27

When we perceive a collection of objects we will see objects close to each other as forming a group

Question 28

Law of similarity

Answer 28

Captures the idea that elements will be grouped perceptually if they are similar to each other

Question 29

Law of closure

Answer 29

Persists that we perceptually close up or complete objects that are not, in fact complete.

Question 30

Connectedness

Answer 30

Connectedness of the sensation and perception term that refers to the perception of uniform or linked spots, lines, or areas as a single unit. When these forms are linked together or uniform they simply appear to form a single unit and seem to go together

Question 31

Continuity

Answer 31

I guess Stolt principle of perceptual organization that states people have a tendency to group stimuli into continuous lines and patterns for example when you see geese flying south for the winter they fly in formation that to us looks like a big V

Question 32

What did Emanuelle kant say about perceptual interpretation

Answer 32

He maintained that knowledge comes from our inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences

Question 33

What did John Locke say about perceptual interpretation

Answer 33

Are you that we learn to perceive the world through our experiences

Question 34

Example of active involvement in the environment

Answer 34

Cookie cutters

Question 35

Example of perceptual set/mental predisposition

Answer 35

I'm scrambling the word as P or eight based on the category of the previous words

Question 36

Example of adaptability

Answer 36

Upside down glasses

Question 37

Example of perceptual schema

Answer 37

Kids drawings

Question 38

Context

Answer 38

Teenager versus parent point of view

Question 39

Perceptual set

Answer 39

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

Question 40

Perceptual schema

Answer 40

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Question 41

Selective attention

Answer 41

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

Question 42

Example of selective attention

Answer 42

Cocktail party effect

Question 43

Texture gradient

Answer 43

The closer we are to an object in more detail we can see a bit's surface texture

Question 44

Interposition

Answer 44

Occurs in instances when one object overlaps the other which causes us to perceive depth

Question 45

Relative clarity

Answer 45

Because the light from distant objects must pass through more atmosphere we perceive hazy object as being farther away than clear distant objects

Question 46

Kittens reared seeing only horizontal lines

Answer 46

Later had difficulty perceiving vertical lines and never regain normal sensitivity

Question 47

Which of the following depth cues created the impression of a visual cliff

Answer 47

Texture gradient

Question 48

Top down processing

Answer 48

Behavior is influenced by conceptual data housed within the higher order cognitive process Ex. Wandering around apt in the dark and u can GET Adound well because you conseptualize WHAT ur apt looks like which drives ur behavior

Question 49

Bottom up processing

Answer 49

Data driven- states that perception directs cognition. We start at the bottom with observable patterns and these inform our higher order cognitive processes Ex. Outside data causes our behaviors