Chapter 2

Question 1

Phrenology

Answer 1

Theory that claimed bumps on the C-skull could reveal our mental abilities and are character traits

Question 2

Action potential

Answer 2

A neural impulse is: a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. Potential for a neuron to fire again

Question 3

Sensory neurons

Answer 3

Carry messages from the bodies tissue and sensory organs in word to the brain and spinal cord for processing (body to brain)

Question 4

Motor neurons

Answer 4

Carry outgoing information from brain to spinal cord to the muscles and glands (brain to body)

Question 5

Intern neurons

Answer 5

Information is processed by these in the brain between sensory and motor input/output

Question 6

Dendrite fiber

Answer 6

Receive information and conducted toward the cell body

Question 7

Myelin sheath

Answer 7

Insulates the axons of some neurons and help spread their impulses

Question 8

Neurotransmitters

Answer 8

Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap between neurons

They are like grappling hooks thrown to scale a building

Question 9

Acetylcholine

Answer 9

Euro transmitters that function in motor movement and muscle control: play a role in memory/learning

Lack of it can lead to Alzheimer’s

Question 10

Dopamine

Answer 10

Functions in motor control and mental alertness

Emotions

Question 11

Serotonin

Answer 11

Affects mood hunger sleep and arousal

Back of this leads to depression

Question 12

Norepinephrine

Answer 12

Helps control alertness and arousal. Also linked to Depression

Question 13

GABA is

Answer 13

A major and have a Tory neurotransmitter. Lack of this is linked to seizures and insomnia

Question 14

Endorphins

Answer 14

Functions in pain control, involved in serious addiction’s

Released in physical activity such as running biking soccer etc.

Question 15

Agonist

Answer 15

Similar enough to neurotransmitters to mimic affects

Question 16

Antagonist

Answer 16

Blocks and neurotransmitters functions

Question 17

Sensory neurons example of function

Answer 17

Your nerves in your fingers tell you when you touch a hot stove

Question 18

Example of motor neurons

Answer 18

Your brain telling you to type

Question 19

Interneurons

Answer 19

Act as a sort of mediator

Question 20

Somatic nervous system

Answer 20

Divisions of the peripheral nervous system controls the body skeletal muscles

Question 21

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 21

Divisions of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands in the muscles of the internal organs and the muscles of the internal organs (heart)

Auto gnomic control of body like a heartbeat or breathing in your sleep

Question 22

Neural networks

Answer 22

Circuit of neurons making connections. Bees build when you learn something. They bond together and fire together

Question 23

Lesion

Answer 23

Tissue destruction. Done to remove tumors

Question 24

EEG

Answer 24

And amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep’s across the brain surface is. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp

Question 25

CAT scan

Answer 25

Allows Compaz it of numerous single x-ray images. Display structures but not activity, and expose his body to bad radiation

Question 26

MRI

Answer 26

Uses magnetic fields to measure/display information of the brain (structure not functions) better detailed than CAT scan is often with color

Question 27

Pet scan

Answer 27

Can see activity in the brain. Displays glucose levels like a weather map

Question 28

Medulla

Answer 28

The base of the brainstem, controls heartbeat and breathing

Question 29

Reticular formation

Answer 29

I nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal (keeping us conscious)

Question 30

Thalamus

Answer 30

The brains sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem: it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum, and medulla Receives sensory info, directs it to different areas of the brain

Question 31

Limbic system

Answer 31

Neural system of the Amygdala and hypothalamus. Located between the Cerebral hemispheres associated with emotions and drives

Question 32

Cerebellum

Answer 32

A little brain at the rear of the brainstem: functions: coordination of movement output and balance

Question 33

Hypothalamus

Answer 33

And neural structure below the thalamus: governs endocrine system (hunger and thirst influences sexual arousal and biorhythms)

Question 34

Cerebral cortex

Answer 34

Ultimate control and information processing

Question 35

Glial cells

Answer 35

Provide nutrients for neurons

Question 36

Sensory cortex

Answer 36

Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body and movement sensations

Question 37

Association areas

Answer 37

Involved in higher mental functions rather than motor or sensory

Question 38

Aphasia

Answer 38

Impairment of language, usually caused by the left hemisphere damage to brokas or Warnicke's area

Question 39

Plasticity

Answer 39

Brains ability to re-organize itself by building new pathways based on experience after damage Heals itself

Question 40

Corpus callosum

Answer 40

Band of neural fibers that connects to hemispheres and relays messages

Question 41

Endocrine system

Answer 41

Slow chemical communication system, secretes hormones into bloodstream

Question 42

Hormones

Answer 42

Chemical messengers manufactured by endocrine gland

Question 43

Adrenal glands

Answer 43

Set above kidneys, secret hormones that arouse body during stress

Question 44

Pituitary gland

Answer 44

Regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands