Chapters 16, 17, and 18 test Flashcards
(120 cards)
Abnormal Behavior
When behaviors violate social norms or make others anxious.
Dysfunctional/Disordered Behavior
Impairment of functioning that is disruptive to a person’s ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive behavior.
Cultural Relativism
Not possible to use Western classification ideas and apply them across all cultures.
Abnormal behaviors can be understood only within the cultural framework within which they occur.
Assessment Tools
Interviews Clinical Tests Personality Inventories Response Inventories Psychophysiological Tests Neurological and Neuropsychological Tests Intelligence Tests Clinical Observations
Rosenhan Study
xperiment done in order to determine the validity of psychiatric diagnosis
the study concluded “it is clear that we cannot distinguish the sane from the insane in psychiatric hospitals” and also illustrated the dangers of dehumanization and labeling in psychiatric institutions. It suggested that the use of community mental health facilities which concentrated on specific problems and behaviors rather than psychiatric labels might be a solution and recommended education to make psychiatric workers more aware of the social psychology of their facilities.
DSM
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is published by the American Psychiatric Association and offers a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders.
Problems with DSM
Some argue that it lacks reliability – not everyone agrees on a diagnoses.
Some argue that it lacks validity – one person simply making a correct diagnosis.
Does not show causes or treatments.
Puts labels on people – Rosenhan study.
Cooper UK-US study
he overall pattern of diagnostic differences between the American and British raters indicates that the American concept of schizophrenia is much broader than the British concept, embracing not only part of what in Britain would be regarded as depressive illness, but also substantial parts of several other diagnostic categories—manic illness, neurotic illness, and personality disorder. These serious differences in the usage of diagnostic terms have important implications for transatlantic communication, and indeed for international communication in general.
purpose of diagnosis is to
Purpose of a diagnosis is to find a treatment.
DSM
bullet point list
5th edition (2013) American Psychiatric Association 300+ disorders Does not list causes (etiologies) Describes symptoms
ICD
International Classification of Diseases
World Health Organization (WHO)
Uses term Mental Disorders
Causes
The DSM Contains:
Essential features of each disorder.
Associated features.
3. Differentiated diagnosis.
4. Diagnostic criteria.
DSM-IV Case Study
Goal
How
Show it
Goal: Find out if your patient, Cindy, has a major
depressive disorder.
How: Match-up the facts from the case study to
the diagnostic criteria.
Show It: Use the checklist to verify your assessment.
One example definition of abnormal
behavior:
When behaviors violate social norms or
make others anxious.
Schizophrenia
If depression is the common cold of psychological disorders, schizophrenia is the cancer.
Nearly 1 in a 100 suffer from schizophrenia, and throughout the world over 24 million people suffer from this disease (WHO, 2002).
Schizophrenia strikes young people as they mature into adults. It affects men and women equally, but men suffer from it more severely than women.
Evolving Views of Schizophrenia
Set of symptoms presently called schizophrenia identified in 1809.
Eugene Bleuler coined the term schizophrenia in 1911. It means split mind.
In the early 1900’s Adolf Meyer stated that schizophrenia was due to inadequate early learning and insufficient judgment.
Schizophrenia Today
Estimate is that 1% of the population in the U.S. has schizophrenia. Some estimates as high as 3-4%.
First episode may be as early as puberty and as late as your 40s.
Males mainly before age 25 (peak at 24)
Females usually after 25
People who are poor have a 3 times greater rate.
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Perceptual Thought Affective
Difficulties Disorders Disturbance
(Emotions)
Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia
Symptoms not present in normals
Hallucinations, disorganized thinking
Negative symptos of Schizophrenia
Absence of symptoms present in normals
Apathy, lack of expression, rigid bodies
Chronic Schizophrenia
Slow to develop
Recovery Doubtful
Negative Symptoms
Acute Schizophrenia
Develops rapidly
Recovery is better
Positive Symptoms
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Disorganized and delusional thinking.
Disturbed perceptions.
Inappropriate emotions and actions.
Many psychologists believe disorganized thoughts occur because of
selective attention failure (fragmented and bizarre thoughts).
