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Flashcards in Chapter 6 Deck (9)
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1
Q

Genes

A

Units of heredity transmitted from one generation to another.
Genes are found on chromosomes

2
Q

Chromosomes

A

Long chains of molecules found in the cell nucleus, contains DNA
Each cell has 46 chromosomes (44 autosomes, 2 sex chromosomes)

3
Q

Alleles

A

Genes located at the same level in the two chromosomes of a pair, that determine the same function or characteristic

4
Q

Heterozygous

A

Two different genes at the allele level

5
Q

Homozygous

A

Identical genes at the allele level

6
Q

Dominant trait

A

Trait that shows clinically when it is carried by only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes (alleles)

7
Q

Recessive trait

A

Trait that shows clinically only if it has a “double dose” or is “homozygous” for the trait

8
Q

Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

A

Results from nondisjunction (chromosomes do not separate during meiosis)
30% have heart abnormalities
Extra autosome on 21st pair of chromosome
Fissured tongue, macroglossia, premature loss of teeth, hypodontia, periodontal disease, taurodont,
NO INCREASE RISK FOR CARRIES

9
Q

Turner’s syndrome

A

One extra autosome, 45 total chromosomes
Female phenotype with 44 autosomes and on,y one X chromosome (44XO)
Short, webbed neck, edema of hands and feet, aorta abnormalities
Underdeveloped ovaries and genitalia (can’t have kids)