Chapter 6 Bone Physiology

Question 1

Place where all blood cells are made

Answer 1

Red bone marrow

Question 2

Place in bone where fat is stored

Answer 2

Yellow bone marrow

Question 3

Minerals found in bone

Answer 3

Calcium phosphorus etc.

Question 4

Shaft of long bones

Answer 4

Diaphysis

Question 5

End of a long bone closer to the trunk of the body

Answer 5

Proximal epiphysis

Question 6

Ends of long bones

Answer 6

Epiphyses

Question 7

Dense irregular tissue that covers bones

Answer 7

Periosteum

Question 8

Cavity in the shaft of long bones

Answer 8

Medullary or marrow cavity

Question 9

Type of cartilage found in articular cartilage

Answer 9

hyaline

Question 10

Type of cartilage found an epiphyseal plate

Answer 10

hyaline

Question 11

Growth plate in long bones

Answer 11

Epiphyseal plate

Question 12

Layer of periosteum that contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Answer 12

Osteogenic layer (cellular layer)

Question 13

Two layers of periosteum

Answer 13

Osteogenic and fibrous layer

Question 14

Tissue found in the fibrous layer of periosteum

Answer 14

Dense irregular

Question 15

Collagen fibers that attach to periosteum to bone

Answer 15

Sharpey fibers

Question 16

Dense irregular connective tissue that connects bone to bone

Answer 16

ligament

Question 17

Dense regular tissue that connects muscle to bone

Answer 17

Tendon

Question 18

Bone eating cell

Answer 18

osteoclast

Question 19

Inorganic ground substance of bone

Answer 19

Calcium salts

Question 20

Organic portion of bone matrix

Answer 20

Collagen fibers

Question 21

Property given to the bone by collagen fibers

Answer 21

Flexibility

Question 22

Property given to the bone by calcium salts

Answer 22

Hardness

Question 23

Bone stem cells

Answer 23

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 24

Cells that create bone matrix

Answer 24

Osteoblast

Question 25

Two major types of bone

Answer 25

Spongy bone and compact bone

Question 26

Carries blood vessels through the long axis of long bone

Answer 26

Haversian Canal

Question 27

Carry blood vessels perpendicular to the axis of a long bone

Answer 27

Volkmann canal

Question 28

Spaces in bone that contain osteocytes

Answer 28

Lacunae

Question 29

Small spaces (canals) that connect lacuna with the Haversian canal

Answer 29

Canaliculi

Question 30

Rings around the Haversian canal seen in compact bone

Answer 30

Lamellae

Question 31

Part of long bone comprised of compact bone

Answer 31

Diaphysis

Question 32

Thin branching networks seen in spongy bone

Answer 32

Trabeculae

Question 33

Type of bone that has osteons

Answer 33

Compact bone

Question 34

Unit of compact bone

Answer 34

Osteon

Question 35

Layer of osteoblasts and osteoclasts found inside the marrow cavity

Answer 35

Endosteum

Question 36

Place where bone grows in length

Answer 36

Epiphyseal plate

Question 37

Place where bone grows in width

Answer 37

Periosteum (endosteum)

Question 38

Growth on the surface of bone

Answer 38

Appositional growth

Question 39

Growth within the middle of a tissue (such as in cartilage)

Answer 39

Interstitial growth

Question 40

Formation of bone tissue

Answer 40

Ossification

Question 41

Growth of bone tissue within a cartilage precursor

Answer 41

Endochondral ossification

Question 42

Growth of bone tissue within a fibrous precursor

Answer 42

Intramembranous ossification

Question 43

Dense irregular tissue where intramembranous ossification has not yet occurred on the skull (soft spot)

Answer 43

Fontanel

Question 44

Location of the primary ossification center in endochondral ossification

Answer 44

Middle of diaphysis

Question 45

Location of Secondary Ossification center in endochondral ossification

Answer 45

Epiphyses

Question 46

Type of bones undergoing endochondral ossification

Answer 46

Most long bones

Question 47

Types of bones undergoing intramembranous ossification

Answer 47

Cranium clavicle

Question 48

Hormone that increases calcium levels in the blood

Answer 48

Parathyroid hormone

Question 49

Hormone that activates osteoblast

Answer 49

Calcitonin

Question 50

Hormone that activates osteoclast

Answer 50

Parathyroid hormone

Question 51

Hormone that decreases calcium levels in the blood

Answer 51

Calcitonin

Question 52

Where is calcitonin made

Answer 52

Thyroid gland

Question 53

First stage of bone repair

Answer 53

Hematoma

Question 54

Type of bone that is formed first during fracture repair

Answer 54

Spongy bone

Question 55

Name for the layer of spongy bone sandwiched between compact bone layers in flat bones

Answer 55

Dipole

Question 56

Epiphyseal plate that has completely ossified

Answer 56

Epiphyseal line

Question 57

A fracture with the skin remains in tact

Answer 57

Simple fracture

Question 58

A fracture in children where one side of bone is broken and the other side is bent

Answer 58

Greenstick fracture

Question 59

Distal radius fracture caused by fall onto wrist

Answer 59

Colles fracture

Question 60

Fracture where bone protrudes through skin

Answer 60

Compound fracture

Question 61

Condition caused by loss of bone matrix

Answer 61

Osteoporosis

Question 62

Bone tissue is derived from this embryonic tissue

Answer 62

Mesenchyme

Question 63

Cartilage is derived from this embryonic tissue

Answer 63

Mesenchyme