Chapter 12 Nervous System

Question 1

Organ of the CNS found in the spinal cavity

Answer 1

Spinal cord

Question 2

Organ of the CNS found in the cranial cavity

Answer 2

Brain

Question 3

Major organs found in the PNS

Answer 3

Nerves

Question 4

A sensory impulse moving toward the CNS is referred to with this word

Answer 4

Afferent

Question 5

A motor impulses moving away from the CNS is referred to with this word

Answer 5

Efferent

Question 6

Nervous system that innervates smooth muscle, glands, and cardiac muscle

Answer 6

Autonomic

Question 7

Tissues innervated by the somatic nervous system

Answer 7

skeletal muscle

Question 8

The CNSneuroglial cell that can phagocytize

Answer 8

Microgila

Question 9

the CNS neuroglial cell that helps control levels of K+ in the brain

Answer 9

astrocyte

Question 10

the neuroglial CNS cell that only allows fat-soluble substances to leave the blood and enter the brain

Answer 10

astrocyte

Question 11

the neuroglial CNS cell that can help metabolize certain neurotransmitters

Answer 11

astrocyte

Question 12

neuroglial cell in the CNS that makes myelin

Answer 12

oligodendrocyte

Question 13

neuroglial cell in the CNS that lines spaces within the brain

Answer 13

ependymal

Question 14

major type of fat found in the myelin sheath

Answer 14

phospholipid

Question 15

neuroglial cell in PNS that makes myelin

Answer 15

Schwann cell

Question 16

nucleated, cytoplasmic layer of Schwann cell

Answer 16

neurilemma

Question 17

another name for the cell body of neuron

Answer 17

perikaryon, soma

Question 18

extension of neuron that brings impulses to the cell body of the neuron

Answer 18

dendrite

Question 19

extension of neuron that takes impulses away from the cell body

Answer 19

axon

Question 20

rough ER in the perikaryon of a neuron goes by this name

Answer 20

Nissl bodies

Question 21

gaps in the myelin sheath where action potential occurs in a neuron

Answer 21

nodes of Ranvier

Question 22

part of the neuron where the axon potential begins

Answer 22

axon hillock

Question 23

a neuron with more than two extensions off of the soma

Answer 23

multipolar neuron

Question 24

term used to describe a bundle of axons in the PNS

Answer 24

nerve

Question 25

term used to describe a bundle of axons in the CNS

Answer 25

tract

Question 26

term used to describe a nerve that carries both afferent and efferent fibers

Answer 26

mixed

Question 27

typical resting membrane potential of a neuron (inside relative to outside)

Answer 27

-70mV

Question 28

location of Na+ when a neuron is at rest

Answer 28

outside

Question 29

change in charge across the membrane of a neuron due to Na+ influx

Answer 29

depolarization

Question 30

reestablishment of membrane potential in a neuron due to K+ outflow

Answer 30

repolarization

Question 31

direction that the Na/K pump pumps the K

Answer 31

into the cell

Question 32

time in a neuron when a second action potential can not be sent

Answer 32

refractory period

Question 33

law that states that when an action potential begins, it continues to the end of the neuron

Answer 33

all or none law

Question 34

term used to describe the propagation of the action potential at nodes of Ranvier only

Answer 34

saltatory conduction

Question 35

large diameter, myelinated neurons conduct impulses with this speed

Answer 35

fast

Question 36

part of the neuron that contains vesicles with neurotransmitter

Answer 36

axon terminal

Question 37

neurotransmitter always found at the neuromuscular junction

Answer 37

acetylcholine

Question 38

common neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system

Answer 38

norepinephrine, acetylcholine

Question 39

neurotransmitters that block plain

Answer 39

endorphins

Question 40

most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

Answer 40

glutamate

Question 41

most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain

Answer 41

GABA

Question 42

neurotransmitter that plays an important role in sleep and mood

Answer 42

serotonin

Question 43

neurotransmitter that is a gas and relaxes smooth muscle

Answer 43

nitric oxide

Question 44

the term used to describe the change in resting membrane potential when it becomes more negative

Answer 44

hyperpolarization

Question 45

term used to describe a partial hyperpolarization caused by a neurotransmitter at the post synaptic membrane

Answer 45

IPSP

Question 46

the combination of EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) that makes it easier for the postsynaptic membrane to reach threshold

Answer 46

summation

Question 47

a synapse that has acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter is referred to as this type of synapse

Answer 47

cholinergic

Question 48

inhibitory neurotransmitters cause this change at the postsynaptic membrane

Answer 48

IPSP

Question 49

excitatory neurotransmitters cause this change at the postsynaptic membrane

Answer 49

EPSP

Question 50

neuroglial cell in the PNS that maintains the environment around neurons

Answer 50

satellite cell

Question 51

term used to describe a partial depolarization caused by a neurotransmitter on the post synaptic membrane

Answer 51

EPSP

Question 52

type of nerve fibers (cells) that have the largest diameter and most myelin

Answer 52

A

Question 53

the direction that K+ moves during repolarization of a neuron

Answer 53

out

Question 54

the types of voltage-gated channels found at the nodes of Ranvier of a neuron

Answer 54

Na+ and K+

Question 55

the type of voltage that will open the Na+ voltage-gated channel at the node of Ranvier

Answer 55

threshold (-55mv)

Question 56

type of voltage-gated channel found in the axon terminal membrane

Answer 56

Ca++

Question 57

a place where a chemically-gated channel can be found on a neuron

Answer 57

postsynaptic membrane

Question 58

what PNS neurons have that CNS neurons do not and what allows for regeneration of a neuron

Answer 58

neurilemma