Chapter 7: Moral Development

Question 1

moral development

Answer 1

thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding standards of right and wrong

Question 2

Kohlberg Pre-conventional Reasoning

Answer 2

morality is often focused on reward and punishment

Question 3

Conventional Reasoning

Answer 3

individuals abide by certain standards, but they are the standards of others; develop expectations about social roles

Question 4

Post Conventional Reasoning

Answer 4

morality is more internal, recognizes alternatives, explores options, and decide on moral code

Question 5

Justice Perspective

Answer 5

focuses on rights of the individual

Question 6

Care Perspective

Answer 6

connectedness with others, emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships and concern for others

Question 7

Domain Theory

Answer 7

there are moral, social conventional, and personal domains of moral development

Question 8

Social Conventional Reasoning

Answer 8

conventional rules that have been established by social consensus in order to control behavior and maintain social system

Question 9

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 9

a distinction between adolescents moral competence and moral performance

Question 10

empathy

Answer 10

reactions to another’s feelings with an emotional response that is similar to the other’s feelings

Question 11

moral identity

Answer 11

moral notions and commitments are central to their life

Question 12

moral character

Answer 12

having strength of your convictions, persisting, and overcoming distractions and obstacles

Question 13

love withdrawal

Answer 13

removing love or attention from the adolescent

Question 14

power assertion

Answer 14

attempts to gain control over adolescent or adolescent’s resources

Question 15

induction

Answer 15

uses reason and explanation of consequences for others of the adolescent’s actions

Question 16

hidden curriculum

Answer 16

moral atmosphere that characterizes every school

Question 17

character education

Answer 17

teaching students a basic moral literacy to prevent them from engaging in immoral behavior and doing harm to themselves or others

Question 18

values clarification

Answer 18

helping individuals to clarify what their lives are for and what is worth working for

Question 19

cognitive moral education

Answer 19

belief that students should learn to value things like democracy and justice as their moral reasoning develops

Question 20

service learning

Answer 20

form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community

Question 21

values

Answer 21

beliefs and attitudes about the way things should be

Question 22

religion

Answer 22

organized set of beliefs, practices, rituals, and symbols that increase and individual’s connection to a sacred or transcendent other

Question 23

religiousness

Answer 23

the degree of affiliation with an organized religion, participation in prescribed rituals and practices, connection with its beliefs, and involvement in a community of beliefs

Question 24

spirituality

Answer 24

experiencing something beyond oneself in a transcendent manner and living in a way that benefits others and society

Question 25

Caprara et al. (2014)

Answer 25

Irritability and hostile rumination in adolescents and young adults appear to influence moral disengagement. In turn, this moral disengagement appears to be related to aggression and violence in adolescent behaviors.