Flashcards in chapter 7-skull Deck (36):
1
4 functions of the skeleton
give body shape
support body support
work with muscles for movement
protect soft parts
2
two large "divisions" of the skeleton
exoskeleton and endoskeleton
3
the real two divisions of the skeleton
cranial skeleton
postcranial skeleton
4
the three parts of the cranial skeleton
splanchnocranium
chondrocranium
dermatocranium
5
the most ancient part of the skeleton skull, supports the pharynx
splanchnocranium
6
what cells derive the splachnocranium
neural crest cells
7
underlies the brain, can be made of cartilage in some species, in others it has become bone
chondrocranium
8
outer skull casing
what we really think of when we think skull
dermatocranium
9
skull components surrounding/encasing the brain
can be 1,2,or all 3 parts
braincase
10
braincase and attached sensory capsules
neurocranium
11
how is the chondrocranium seen in elasmobranchs
makes up the majority of the braincase and remains as cartilage
12
how is the chondrocranium seen in other vertebrates
embryonic scaffold for parts of the neurocranium
meaning it becomes bone
13
4 things the splanchnocranium does
supports gills
supports buccal pump muscles
contributes to jaw
contributes to hyoid arch
14
what is believed to be the precursor for the splanchnocranium
protochordate pharyngeal bars
15
when organisms evolve to leave water where does the splanchnocranium go
middle ear, larynx, rings of trachea
16
what is the dermatocraniums origin
dermal bones
17
how do dermal bones for min dermatocranium
intramembranous ossification
18
in bony fishes and tetrapods the chondrocranium makes up the
occipital and sphenoid bones
otic capule
19
the hyoid apparatus is part of the
splanchocranium
20
what is the job of the hyoid arch
support floor of the mouth tongue and muscles of throat
21
movement between the upper jaw and braincase
cranial kinesis
22
two big advantages of a kinetic skull
allows change in size/shape of mouth quickly
allows orienting of toothed bones
23
two elements supporting the jaws of chondrichthyes
hydromadiubla and ceratohyal
24
jaws of actinopterygii moved to this mode of feeding
rapid suction feeding
25
how did rapid suction feeding work
rapid expansion of the buccal cavity in all directions creating a negative pressure
26
what increased area up and down during rapid suction feeding
neurocranium raised
mandible lowered
27
what increased the area to widen the buccal cavity during rapid suction feeding
throat muscles and hyoid arch
28
region in skull where we have olfactory centers
nasal capsule
29
how are actinopterygii nasal passages arranged
anterior and posterior nares on each side of head for 1 way flow of water
30
how are tetrapods nasal passages arranged
external naris opens to outside and internal naris into oral cavity to establish pattern for airflow into lungs
31
what is the third nasal sac opening that drains secretions of glands the moisten the eye surface
nasolacrimal duct
32
glands the moisten the eye surface
lacrimal glands
33
what part of the skull loses jaw suspension function and adapts to hearing in air
hyomandiubla
34
what bones are lost in early tetrapod skulls
opercular and extracapsular bones
35
what important feature happens in early tetrapods that allows for a neck to be created
the pectoral girdle detaches from skull
36