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chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Gynecology

A

is the study of the female reproductive system (organs, hormones,
and diseases)

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2
Q

obstetrics

A

is a specialty concerned with

pregnancy and the delivery of the fetus

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3
Q

neonatology

A

is the study of the care and

treatment of the newborn.

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4
Q

cul-de-sac

A

Midway between the uterus and the rectum is a region in the abdominal cavity

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5
Q

Bartholin glands

A

two small, rounded glands on either side of the vaginal orifice.
These glands produce a mucous secretion that lubricates the vagina.

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6
Q

clitoris

A

organ of sensitive, erectile tissue located anterior to the vaginal orifice and in front of the
urethral meatus

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7
Q

perineum

A

region between the vaginal orifice and the anus

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8
Q

vulva.

A

The external genitalia of the female are collectively called the vulva

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9
Q

labia majora, labia minora

A

outer lip. inner lip

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10
Q

hymen

A

membrane partially covering the entrance to the vagina,

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11
Q

utero-ovarian ligament

A

Each ovary [1] is

held in place on either side of the uterus by

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12
Q

ovarian follicles

A

Within each ovary are thousands of small sacs

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13
Q

ovum, corpus luteum

A

During ovulation, an ovum matures; its follicle ruptures through
the surface and releases the ovum from the ovary. A ruptured follicle fills with a yellow,
fat-like material. It is then called the corpus luteum [5], meaning yellow body. The corpus
luteum secretes hormones (both estrogen and progesterone) that maintain the very first
stages of pregnancy.

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14
Q

A fallopian tube

A

Collectively, the
fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments are the adnexa (accessory structures) of
the uterus.

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15
Q

fimbriae

A

The finger-like ends of the fallopian tube are the fimbriae [7]. They catch the
egg after its release from the ovary. Cilia (small hairs) line the fallopian tube and, through
their motion, sweep the ovum along. It usually takes the ovum about 2 to 3 days to pass
through the fallopian tube.

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16
Q

corpus

A

body of the organ

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17
Q

endometrium

A

The inner layer, a specialized epithelial mucosa of the

uterus is the endometrium [9];

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18
Q

myometrium

A

the middle, muscular layer of the uterine wall is t

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19
Q

uterine seros

A

and the outer, membranous tissue layer, a
lining that produces a watery, serum-like secretion. The outermost layer of an organ in
the abdomen or thorax is known as a serosa.

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20
Q

cervix

A

The narrow, lowermost portion of the uterus

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21
Q

glandular tissue

A

contains milk glands or lobules that develop

in response to hormones from the ovaries during puberty

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22
Q

lactiferous (milk-carrying) ducts [3], and sinuses (cavities) [4]

A

that carry milk to the nipple, which has small openings for the ducts to release their milk.

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23
Q

mammary papilla [

A

The breast nipple

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24
Q

areola

A

the dark pigmented area around the

mammary papilla is

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25
parturition, lactation
giving birth, secrete milk
26
chorion
the outermost membrane | that surrounds the developing embryo
27
amnion,
he innermost of the embryonic membranes, holds the fetus suspended in an amniotic cavity surrounded by a fluid called the amniotic fluid.
28
human chorionic | gonadotropin (hCG).
As the placenta develops in the uterus, it produces its own hormone. When women test their urine with a pregnancy test kit, presence or absence of hCG confirms or rules out that they are pregnant. This hormone stimulates the corpus luteum to continue producing hormones until about the third month of pregnancy, when the placenta takes over the endocrine function and releases estrogen and progesterone. Progesterone maintains the development of the placenta. Low levels of progesterone can lead to spontaneous abortion in pregnant women and menstrual irregularities in nonpregnant women.
29
cephalic | presentation
In a normal delivery position, the baby’s head appears first
30
afterbirth.
The expelled placenta is
31
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
The events of menstruation and pregnancy depend on hormones not only from the ovaries (estrogen and progesterone) but also from the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland secretes follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) after the onset of menstruation. As their levels rise in the bloodstream, FSH and LH stimulate maturation of the ovum and ovulation. After ovulation, LH in particular influences the maintenance of the corpus luteum and its production of estrogen and progesterone
32
Oral | contraceptives (birth control pills) work in the same way
During pregnancy, the high levels of estrogen and progesterone from the ovary and placenta cause the pituitary gland to stop producing FSH and LH. Therefore, while a woman is pregnant, additional eggs do not mature and ovulation cannot occur. Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) work in the same way
33
IUD (intrauterine device
A health care professional inserts the IUD, a small device designed to remain inside the uterus. It works by preventing implantation of the embryo. Birth control pills and an IUD do not protect a woman against sexually transmitted infections such as that caused by HIV
34
FSH Pituitary gland-Ovary: Stimulates maturation of the ovum
LH Pituitary gland-Ovary: Stimulates ovulation
35
Estrogen Ovary Placenta (during pregnancy) -Uterus: Builds up the endometrial lining
Progesterone Ovary (corpus luteum) Placenta (during pregnancy) -Uterus: Sustains uterine lining and placenta during pregnancy
36
hCG Placenta-Ovary (corpus luteum)
Sustains pregnancy
37
adnexa uteri
Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments.
38
coitus
Sexual intercourse
39
bartholin/o
Bartholin gland
40
cervic/o
cervix, neck
41
chori/o, chorion/o
chorion
42
colp/o
vagina
43
culd/o
cul-de-sac
44
mast/o
breast
45
men/o
menses, | menstruation
46
Fibroids
fiber tumor
47
metr/o, metri/o
uterus
48
nat/i
birth
49
obstetr/o
pregnancy and | childbirth
50
o/o
egg
51
oophor/o
ovary
52
ov/o
egg
53
ovul/o
egg
54
perine/o
perineum
55
orrhaphy
surgical suturing
56
phor/o
to bear
57
salping/o
fallopian tubes
58
episi/o
vulva
59
galact/o
milk
60
hyster/o
uterus, womb
61
-arche
beginning
62
-cyesis
pregnancy
63
-gravida
pregnant
64
-parous
bearing, bringing | forth
65
-salpinx
fallopian | (uterine) tube
66
-tocia
labor, birth
67
Oxy-
sharp or quick
68
-version
act of turning
69
nulli-
none
70
endometriosis
Endometrial tissue located outside the uterus.
71
pelvic inflammatory disease | PID
Inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region; salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, endocervicitis.
72
Prophylactic
seeing future
73
fibrocystic breast disease
Numerous small sacs of fluid surrounded by dense strands of fibrous tissue in the breast.
74
abruptio placentae
Premature separation of the normally implanted placenta.
75
ectopic pregnancy
Implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location.
76
multiple gestations
More than one fetus inside the uterus.
77
placenta previa
Implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus
78
preeclampsia
Abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache.
79
erythroblastosis fetalis
Hemolytic disease in the newborn (HDN) caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus.
80
hyaline membrane disease
Acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn. | This condition, also called respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn (RDS
81
hydrocephalus
Accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain
82
meconium aspiration | syndrome
Abnormal inhalation of meconium produced by a fetus or newborn
83
pyloric stenosis
Narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum.
84
Pap test (Pap smear)
Microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix.
85
speculum
instrument to hold apart the vaginal walls),
86
pregnancy test
Blood or urine test to detect the presence of hCG.
87
hysterosalpingography (HSG)
X-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material.
88
aspiration
Withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction
89
cauterization
Destruction of tissue by burning.
90
colposcopy
Visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope
91
conization
Removal of a cone-shaped section (cone biopsy) of the cervix. The physician resects the tissue using a LEEP (loop electrocautery excision procedure),
92
cryosurgery
Use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue. A liquid nitrogen probe produces the freezing (cry/o means cold) temperature. Also called cryocauterization. FIGURE
93
cyro
cold
94
culdocentesis
Needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac.
95
dilation (dilatation) and | curettage (D&C)
Widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus.
96
exenteration
Removal of internal organs within a cavity. | Pelvic exenteration is removal of the organs and adjacent structures of the pelvis.
97
laparoscopy
Visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope (laparoscope). minimally invasive surgery (MIS
98
tubal ligation
Blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occurring. This sterilization procedure (making an individual incapable of reproduction) is performed using laparoscopy or through a hysteroscope inserted via the cervical os (opening).
99
amniocentesis
Needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis (Figure 8-29).
100
cesarean section
Surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus.
101
chorionic villus sampling | CVS
Sampling of placental tissues (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis.
102
in vitro fertilization (IVF
Egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization.
103
oligo
a few

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