chapter 16 Flashcards
(91 cards)
integumentary
system
The skin and its accessory structures (hair, nails, and glands)
sebaceous glands and the sweat glands
produce sebum, an oily secretion, and sweat glands produce sweat, a watery secretion.
Epidermis
a thin, cellular membrane layer; containing keratin
Dermis
dense, fibrous, connective tissue layer; containing collagen
Subcutaneous layer
—thick, fat-containing tissue
squamous
epithelium
. Epithelium is the covering of both the internal and the external surfaces of
the body. Squamous epithelial cells are flat and scale-like. In the outer layer of the skin,
these cells are arranged in several layers (strata) to form stratified squamous epithelium.
basal layer
s the multilayered cells of the epidermis. The deepest layer is
called the basal layer [4]. T
stratum corneum
. In their movement toward the most superficial layer of the
epidermis, called the stratum corneum [5], the cells flatten, shrink, lose their nuclei, and
die, becoming filled with a hard protein material called keratin.
melanocytes
The basal layer of the epidermis contains special cells called melanocytes [6]. Melanocytes
contain a pigment called melanin that is transferred to other epidermal cells and gives
color to the skin.
albinos
Individuals who are incapable of forming melanin are called
albinos. Skin and hair are white
Eumelanin (eu- = true) is more common and is a brown-black pigment. Pheomelanin (pheo- = dusky) is a red-yellow
pigment. People with darker skin have more eumelanin, whereas people with lighter skin have more pheomelanin.
Pheomelanin doesn’t protect the skin from damaging ultraviolet rays and makes lighter-skinned people, and especially
redheads, more susceptible to skin cancer
elastin
(protein that is elastic and helps skin to
return to its original position when pinched or poked)
Collagen (colla
= glue)
) is a fibrous protein material found in bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, as
well as in the skin. It is tough and resistant but also flexible
A hair fiber is composed of a tightly fused meshwork of cells filled with the hard protein
called keratin
produce keratinized cells that move upward
through hair follicles (sacs within which each hair fiber grows)
lunula
placed completely.
The lunula is a semilunar (half-moon–shaped) whitish region at the base of the nail
plate.
cuticle
a narrow band of epidermis (layer of keratin), is at
the base and sides of the nail plate
paronychium
is the soft tissue surrounding the
nail border. Figure 16-3A illustrates the anatomic structure of a nail.
Onycholysis
(onych/o = nail) is the
loosening of the nail plate with separation from the nail bed
eccrine sweat glands
Sweat glands (the most common type are eccrine sweat glands) are tiny, coiled glands found on almost all body surfaces (about 2 million in the body).
apocrine sweat glands
A special variety of sweat gland, active only from puberty onward and larger than the
ordinary kind, is concentrated in a few areas of the body near the reproductive organs and
in the armpits. These glands (apocrine sweat glands) secrete an odorless sweat, containing
substances easily broken down by bacteria on the skin. The bacterial waste products
produce a characteristic human body odor. The milk-producing mammary gland is another
type of apocrine gland; it secretes milk after the birth of a child.
albin/o
white
caus/o
burn, burning
cauter/o
heat, burn
electrocautery
An instrument containing a needle or blade used during surgery
to burn through tissue by means of an electrical current.
Electrocauterization is very effective in minimizing blood loss.
diaphor/o
profuse sweating
see hidr/o
