chapter 12 Flashcards
(72 cards)
1
Q
epiglottis
A
a flap of cartilage attached to the root of the tongue
2
Q
adenoids
A
Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils
3
Q
alveolus (plural: alveoli)
A
Air sac in the lung.
4
Q
base of the lung
A
Lower portion of the lung; from the Greek basis, foundation. Basilar
means located at or in the base.
5
Q
glottis
A
Slit-like opening to the larynx
6
Q
hypertrophy
A
feida
7
Q
bronchospasm
A
This tightening of the bronchus is a chief characteristic of asthma
and bronchitis
8
Q
bronchiectasis
A
abnormal widening Caused by weakening of the bronchial wall from infection.
9
Q
bronch/o bronchi/o
A
bronchial tube,
bronchus
10
Q
bronchiol/o
A
bronchiole, small
bronchus
11
Q
capn/o
A
carbon dioxide
12
Q
coni/o
A
dust
13
Q
cyan/o
A
blue
14
Q
epiglott/o
A
epiglottis
15
Q
lob/o
A
lobe of the lung
16
Q
orth/o
A
straight, upright
17
Q
orthopnea
A
An abnormal condition in which breathing (-pnea) is easier in the
upright position. A major cause of orthopnea is congestive heart
failure
18
Q
pector/o
A
chest
19
Q
phon/o
A
voice
20
Q
phren/o
A
diaphragm
21
Q
pleur/o
A
pleura
22
Q
pneum/o,
pneumon/o
A
air, lung
23
Q
sinus/o
A
sinus, cavity
24
Q
spir/o
A
breathing
25
tel/o
complete
26
atelectasis
atelectasis
| Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion (-ectasis) of a lung (
27
tonsill/o liangge l
tonsils
28
-osmia
smell
29
-ema
condition
30
empyema
Em- at the beginning of this term means in. Empyema
| (pyothorax) is a collection of pus in the pleural cavity.
31
osmia
smell
32
-ptysis
spitting
33
-sphyxia
pulse
34
auscultation
Listening to sounds within the body.
35
percussion
Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the
underlying structure
36
pleural rub
Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.
37
rales (crackles)
Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when
there is fluid in the alveoli
38
rhonchi (singular: rhonchus)
Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by
sputum.
39
sputum
Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by
spitting.
40
stridor
Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by
| obstruction in the pharynx or larynx.
41
wheezes
Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing
42
croup
Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the
larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor.
The most common causative agents are influenza viruses or respiratory syncytial
virus (RSV).
43
diphtheria
```
Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the
diphtheria bacterium (Corynebacterium)
```
44
epistaxis
Nosebleed.
| Epistaxis is a Greek word meaning a dropping.
45
pertussis
Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx,
larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis.
Pertussis is characterized by paroxysmal (violent, sudden) spasms of coughing
that ends in a loud “whooping” inspiration.
46
asthma
Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due
to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production
47
bronchiectasis
Chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection.
48
chronic bronchitis
Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
49
cystic fibrosis (CF)
Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous
secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally.
50
atelectasis
Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveol
51
emphysema
Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
52
pneumoconiosis
Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic
inflammation, infection, and bronchitis (Figure 12-11A).
Various forms are named according to the type of dust particle inhaled:
anthracosis—coal (anthrac/o) dust (black lung disease); asbestosis—asbestos
(asbest/o) particles (in shipbuilding and construction trades); silicosis—silica
(silic/o = rocks) or glass (grinder’s disease).
53
pneumonia
Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or
products of the inflammatory reaction
54
pulmonary abscess
Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lung
55
pulmonary edema
Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
56
pulmonary embolism (PE)
Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
57
pulmonary fibrosis
Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs
58
sarcoidosis
Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas)
develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.
59
tuberculosis (TB)
Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs
usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected.
60
mesothelioma
Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura.
61
pleural effusion
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)
62
pleurisy (pleuritis)
Inflammation of the pleura
63
pneumothorax
Collection of air in the pleural space
64
ventilation-perfusion (V/Q)
| scan
```
Detection device records radioactivity in the lung after intravenous
injection of a radioisotope and inhalation of a small amount of
radioactive gas (xenon).
```
65
bronchoscopy
```
Fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is performed during bronchoscopy to
diagnose and stage lung cancer. An EBUS-guided forceps biopsy allows for sampling
of small (<3 cm) peripheral lesions endoscopically
```
66
endotracheal intubation
Placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and
trachea to establish an airway
67
pulmonary function tests
| PFTs
Tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs: airway
function, lung volume, and the capacity of the lungs to exchange
oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently. S
68
thoracentesis
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space.
69
thoracotomy
Large surgical incision of the ches
70
thoracoscopy (thorascopy)
Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an
endoscope.
Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) allows the surgeon to view the chest from
a video monitor
71
tuberculin test
Determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive
skin reaction
72
tube thoracostomy
A flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through
an opening in the chest
