chapter 8 articulations Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
a joint
A
articulation
2
Q
an immovable joint
A
synarthrosis
3
Q
a slightly movable joint
A
amphiarthrosis
4
Q
a freely movable joint
A
diarthrosis
5
Q
immovable joints between skull bones
A
sutures
6
Q
immovable joints between teeth and jaws
A
gomphosis
7
Q
the ligament around the teeth
A
periodontal ligament
8
Q
a ligament that holds bone to bone
A
syndesmosis
9
Q
a bridge of cartilage
A
synchondrosis
10
Q
a bridge of bone
A
synostosis
11
Q
a pad of fibrocartilage
A
symphysis
12
Q
an epiphyseal (growth) plate
A
synchondrosis
13
Q
a epiphyseal line
A
synostosis
14
Q
the intervertebral discs or the pubic symphysis
A
symphyses
15
Q
the glassy-smooth hyaline cartilage that covers bones at joints
A
articular cartilage
16
Q
the joint cavity
A
synovial cavity
17
Q
the membrane that lines the joint cavity
A
synovial membrane
18
Q
articular discs
A
meniscus
19
Q
fluid filled sacs that cushion joints
A
bursae
20
Q
an elongated bursa that houses a tendon
A
tendon sheath
21
Q
cushioning within the joint cavity
A
fat pads
22
Q
a bending movement, decreases the angle between bones
A
flexion
23
Q
a straightening movement, increases the angle between bones
A
extension
24
Q
extension past anatomical position
A
hyperextension
25
a movement in the frontal plane away from the midline
abduction
26
a movement in the frontal plane toward the midline
adduction
27
when the distal end of a limb moves in a circle, and the entire limb creates a cone
circumduction
28
turning of a bone on its own axis
rotation
29
movement of the radius around the ulna so the palms face up
supination
30
movement of the radius around the ulna so the palms face down
pronation
31
pulling the toes toward the shin
dorsiflexion
32
pointing the toes
plantar flexion
33
turning the sole of the foot inward
inversion
34
turning the sole of the foot outward
eversion
35
moving the thumb opposite the fingers
opposition
36
moving a body part superiorly
elevation
37
moving a body part inferiorly
depression
38
moving a body part anteriorly
protraction
39
moving a body part posteriorly
retraction
40
a joint made of two flat surfaces and a gliding motion
plane joint
41
a cylindrical piece of one bone articulates to a trough on another and allows movement in one plane only
hinge joint
42
the rounded end of one bone articulates with a sleeve on another allowing rotation in one plane
pivot joint
43
the oval articular surface of one bone fits into a shallow depression on another bone
condyloid or ellipsoidal
44
a spherical end of a bone articulates with a cup-like socket of another bone
ball and socket
45
the joint between the ulna and humerus is what type of joint
hinge
46
the atlas and axis is what type of joint
pivot
47
the carpometacarpal joints of the thumbs are what type of joints
saddle joints
48
the shoulder and hip are what type of joints
ball and socket
49
the interphalangeal joints are what type of joint
hinge
50
the intercarpal and intertarsal joints are what type of joints
plane
51
the radiocarpal joint is what type of joint
condyloid
52
the proximal radioulnar joint where the head of the radius rotates within a ring-like ligament secured to the ulna is what type of joint
pivot joint
53
the metacarpophalangeal joints are what type of joint
condyloid
54
the study of joints
arthrology
55
inflammation of the synovial membrane causing excess synovial fluid to be produced
synovitis
56
a generic term used by laypeople to indicate muscle or joint pain
rheumatism
57
replacing a diseasaed joint with an artificial one
| What is an artificial joint called?
arthroplasty
| prosthesis
58
softening of cartilage by the patella common in young athletes, produces a sharp pain in the knee on extension, often due to unequally strong quadriceps muscles
chondromalacia patellae
59
a type of rheumatoid arthritis that usually affects males causing the spine to become rigid
ankylosing spondylitis
60
What is the most common cartilage injury?
torn knee meniscus
61
What causes cartilage damage?
compression and shear stress at the same time
62
What do loose bodies of torn cartilage do to the joint?
interfere with functioning causing it to catch or "lock"
63
Surgery from tiny slits in the joint allowing a fiberoptic camera and tools to enter the joint without as much joint damage is called what?
arthroscopic surgery
64
What happens with removal of part of the meniscus?
less stable joint
65
What happens when the entire meniscus is removed?
early onset osteoarthritis
66
when ligaments are stretched or torn
sprain
67
Why do ligaments heal so slowly?
poorly vascular
68
If a ligament is completely ruptured, what needs to be done?
surgically repaired if possible or a graft
69
bones out of joint (2 terms)
dislocation
| luxation
70
a partial dislocation
subluxation
71
What is the term for putting a dislocation back into alignment?
reduction
72
Why are the same joints often repeatedly dislocated?
joint is loosened
73
inflammation of bursa typically caused by a blow or friction
bursitis
74
inflammation of a tendon typically caused by overuse
tendonitis
75
bursitis of the prepatellar bursa
housemaid's knee or water on the knee
76
How is bursitis and tendonitis treated?
RICE, anti-inflammatory drugs and aspiration
77
an inflammation of joints causing pain and stiffness
arthritis
78
What is the difference between acute and chronic?
acute - short-term
| chronic - long-term
79
the most common chronic arthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease, from wear and tear
osteoarthritis
80
a crunching noise common in OA caused by the rough surfaces rubbing
crepitus
81
a chronic inflammatory arthritis that affects more women than men and is considered autoimmune, bilaterally impacts many small joints at the same time
rheumatoid arthritis
82
a chronic arthritis more common in men, has genetic links, when uric acid accumulates in joints, typically affects one joint (often the base of the big toe)
gout or gouty arthritis
83
an inflammatory disease caused by spirochete bacteria and transmitted by ticks, starts with a bullseye rash and flu-like symptoms but can progress to neurological problems and heart irregularities, often causes joint pain and arthritis
lyme disease
84
What does healthy exercise do for young joints?
makes them stronger
85
What type of exercise is best for joints?
swimming - non-weightbearing
86
an enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe
bunion
87
What is the relationship between strength and mobility in a joint?
the more it moves, the less strong
| the less it moves, the more strong
88
What is the advantage of continuous passive motion to joint healing?
movement circulates nutrients and promotes healing - much better than immobilization
89
What is the difference between a shoulder separation and a shoulder dislocation?
separation - clavicle and scapula come apart
| dislocation - humerus and scapula come apart
90
irritation of the jaw joint
TMJ syndrome - temporomandibular joint syndrome
91
having no planes of movement
nonaxial
92
having one plane of motion
uniaxial
93
having two planes of movement
biaxial
94
having three planes of movement
multiaxial
95
where a muscle attaches to the less movable bone
origin
96
where a muscle attaches to the more movable bone
insertion
97
what a muscle does
action
