Chapter 8: Uncommon Pathology of the Carotid System Flashcards
(171 cards)
a localized dilatation of the wall of an artery that involves all layers of the arterial wall
aneurysm
inflammation in the wall of an artery
arteritis
a benign mass at the carotid bifurcation (also called paraganglioma or chemodectoma) from the carotid body between the internal and external carotid arteries
carotid body tumor
a tear that starts at the inner layer of an artery and results in the splitting or separation of the walls of a blood vessel, creating an intramural hematoma and/or true and false lumens
dissection
an arteriopathy (neither atherosclerosis nor arteritis) that produces overgrowth in the arterial wall and is associated with stenosis, dissections, and aneurysms
fibromuscular dysplasia
the inner part of the vessel wall that is created by a dissection, normally the intima and part of the media. Typically, it produces into the lumen of the artery. Where there is a true and false lumen with flowing blood, the intimal flap lies between the two flowing portions and moves separate from the outer vessel during the cardiac cycle
intimal flap
an extravascular collection of moving blood from a localized rupture in an arterial wall or anastamosis that remains connected to the arterial lumen by a tract of flowing blood. Other terms are pulsating hematoma, expanding hematoma, and false aneurysm.
pseudoaneurysm
the quality of being tortuous, winding, or turning
tortuousity
white line within lumen; may be moving or stationary
aortic dissection
two clearly different flow patterns (true and false lumens) on each side of white ling
aortic dissection
intramural hemtoma, if visible, may cause smooth and tapered narrowing to stenosis to occlusion
dissection
elevated velocity in the narrowing if moderate to severe with downstream turbulence
dissection
section of artery at least 200% of normal ICA or 150% of normal CCA by some authors
aneurysm
widened area of artery with flow separation and/or partial thrombosis
aneurysm
vascular collection adjacent to artery past injury whether penetrating or iatrogenic; may have various levels of thrombosis or none
pseudoaneurysm
distint to and fro flow pattern in neck
pseudoaneurysm
irregular vessel wall; sometimes well-defined “string of beads” narrowing alternating with widening
fibromuscular dysplasia
doppler waveforms typically show a sudden change from normal ICA to elevated velocity and/or turbulent flow pattern in distal ICA
Fibromuscular dysplasia
thickened wall that may be patchy; echolucent “halo” around sections of superior thyroid artery
temporal arteritis
mass between ICA and ECA splays arteries apart; tumor may surround or encase artery if large
carotid body tumor
color aliasing seen frequently oweing to sharp angulation and/or higher velocities past curve; flow separation inside curve; velocities naturally increase as blood flows around a curve
tortuosity
most common pathology found during carotid exam
atherosclerosis
when length of vessel exceeds fixed distance between bifurcation and skull
tortuousity
What makes a sharp angle?
less than 30 degrees
m