Chapter 23: Aortic and Iliac Arteries Flashcards
(120 cards)
dilation of blood vessel to 1.5 times the normal size
aneurysm
dilation that involves all three layers of the vessel wall
true aneurysm
dilation that involves less than all three layers o
false aneurysm
minimally invasive procedure in which a stent graft (endograft) is placed inside the blood vessel to exclude the aneurysm and provide a blood flow channel excluding the aneurysm sac
endovascular repair for aneurysm
blood flow into an excluded aneurysm sac after placement of an endograft
endoleak
minimally invasive procedure in which stents are placed inside a blood vessel to expand stenotic regions
endovascular treatment of occlusive disease
a metal mesh-like structure placed inside a blood vessel (to expand a narrowed lumen or as part of an endograft to anchor it)
stent
cause of perigraft flow; inadequate seal ot endograft attachment or fixation site(s); because endoleak originates from the graft, the Doppler waveform morphology should be the same as that within the graft; usually high flow rates
type I endoleaks
cause of perigraft flow; branch vessel flow without communication with attachment site; can be monophasic or multiphasic but is most often bidirectional; can be very slow flor or higher flow rates; Doppler waveform morphology reflects the end source; if the flow is entering the IMA and exiting lumbar, the waveform morphology would likely be multiphasic reflective of the peripheral vascular bed
Type II endoleak
cause of perigraft flow; flow from modular disconnect between segments of the endograft/flow from the fabric disruption; similar waveform morphology as to the graft flow because that is the source/ usually high flow
Type III endoleak
cause of perigraft flow; flow from fabric porosity; similar waveform morphology as to the graft flow because that is the source; can be very subtle and difficult to define
Type IV endoleak
cause of perigraft flow; flow identified but source undetermined; no flow detected continued sac expansion
Type V endoleak
AAAs occur more frequently in ____
men
Most common location of AAA
below the renal arteries
claudication
ischemic rest pain
decreased femoral pulses
abdominal bruit
emboli to the digits
indications of AIOD
Patient prep
fast overnight (8-12 hours)
________ is common among patients with AAA or AIOD.
coronary artery disease
risk factors for atherosclerosis include:
hypertension
smoking
diabetes
high cholesterol
features within an aneurysm
mural thrombus
plaque or wall thickening
calcification
Avoid angles greater than __ degrees for spectral Doppler waveforms
60
can be identified by two channels of flow
dissection
Normal features of abdominal aorta
smooth margins
no focal dilatation
about 2 cm in diameter
diameter tapers distally
mild diffuse enlargement of aorta secondary to wall degeneration
ectasia
dilation of the aorta to 3 cm or larger
aneurysm