Chapter 1: Orientation to Ultrasound Scanning Flashcards
1
Q
a region of an ultrasound image free from echoes
A
anechoic
2
Q
A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front or ventral) and posterior (back or dorsal) regions; also known as the frontal plane
A
coronal plane
3
Q
a region of an ultrasound image having mixed or differing ultrasound echoes
A
heterogeneous
4
Q
a region of an ultrasound image having a uniform appearance on ultrasound with echoes that appear similar
A
homogeneous
5
Q
a region of an ultrasound image with echoes that are brighter than the surrounding tissue or brighter than normal
A
hyperechoic
6
Q
a region of an ultrasound image with echoes that are darker than the surrounding tissue or darker than normal
A
hypoechoic
7
Q
a region of an ultrasound image producing echoes that are the same as the surrounding tissue with equal brightness
A
isoechoic
8
Q
a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left regions
A
sagittal plane
9
Q
a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts; it is perpendicular to the coronal and sagittal planes
A
transverse plane
10
Q
AAA
A
abdominal aortic aneurysm
11
Q
ABD
A
abdomen
12
Q
ABI
A
ankle branchial index
13
Q
AI
A
acceleration index
14
Q
ANT
A
anterior
15
Q
AVF
A
arteriovenous fistula
16
Q
AVM
A
arteriovenous malformation
17
Q
BP
A
blood pressure
18
Q
CABG
A
coronary artery bypass graft
19
Q
CAD
A
coronary artery disease
20
Q
CAUD
A
caudal
21
Q
CDI
A
Color Doppler imaging
22
Q
CEPH
A
cephalad
23
Q
CVI
A
chronic venous insufficiency
24
Q
CVA
A
cerebrovascular accident
25
DM
diabetes mellitus
26
DVT
deep venous thrombosis
27
DX
diagnosis
28
EDV
end diastolic velocity
29
HR
heart rate
30
HTN
hypertension
31
HX
history (history of complaint)
32
IDDM
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
33
INF
inferior
34
IP
inpatient
35
LAT
lateral
36
LE
lower extremity
37
LT
left
38
MED
medial
39
OP
outpatient
40
PAD
peripheral arterial disease
41
PE
pulmonary embolus
42
PI
pulsatility index
43
POST
posterior
44
PPG
photoplethysmography
45
PSV
peak systolic velocity
46
PT
patient
47
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
48
PVD
peripheral vascular disease
49
PVR
pulse volume recording
50
Q
flow
51
RAR
renal aortic ratio
52
RAS
renal artery stenosis
53
RI
resistance index
54
RT
right
55
SAG
sagittal
56
SUPR
superior
57
TCD
transcranial Doppler
58
TCI
transcranial imaging
59
TIA
transient ischemic attack
60
TRV
transverse
61
UE
upper extremity
62
US
ultrasound
63
VPR
volume pulse recording
64
WNL
within normal limits
65
toward the front; a structure in front of another structure
anterior
66
toward the feet
caudal
67
toward the head
cephalad
68
a structure on the opposite side of the body
contralateral
69
away from the surface or skin
deep
70
farther away from the heart; farther away from the origin; farther away from the point of attachment
distal
71
related to the back of the body; toward the back of the body
dorsal
72
toward the feet; a structure lower than another structure
inferior
73
a structure on the same side of the body
ipsilateral
74
away from the center of the body or a structure; toward the side of the body
lateral
75
toward the center of the body or a structure; toward the midline or middle of the body
medial
76
toward the back of the body; a structure that is behind another structure
posterior
77
closer to the heart; closer to the origin; closer to the point of attachment
proximal
78
toward the surface of the skin
superficial
79
toward the head; a structure higher than another structure
superior
80
related to the front of the body
ventral
81
runs vertically along long axis of body
separates body into left and right sections
longitudinal or long-axis plane
sagittal plane
82
planes running vertically along long axis of body but not through midline
parasagittal planes
83
splits body into anterior and posterior sections
courses vertically through the long axis of the body
perpendicular to sagittal plane
also known as the frontal plane
coronal plane
84
passes through the body in a plane that is parallel to the ground
perpendicular to sagittal and frontal planes
seperates the body into superior and inferior sections
sometimes referred to as axial, short-axis, or horizontal view
transverse plane
85
any plane that is not a true sagittal, coronal, or transverse plane
oblique plane
86
lying on the back
supine
87
lying face down
prone
88
lying on the right side
right lateral decubitus
89
lying on the left side
left lateral decubitus
90
lying prone with left side elevated
right anterior oblique
91
lying prone with right side elevated
left anterior oblique
92
lying supine with left side elevated
right posterior oblique
93
lying supine with with right side elevated
left posterior oblique
94
patient supine, body tilted with head elevated between 15 degrees and 30 degrees above the feet
reverse trendlenburg
95
a region of an ultrasound image with echoes that are brighter than the surrounding tissue or brighter than normal
hyperechoic
96
a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
sagittal plane
97
a region of an ultrasound image free from echoes
anechoic
98
a region of an ultrasound image with echoes that are darker than the surrounding tissue or darker than normal
hypoechoic
99
a region of an ultrasound image having mixed or differing ultrasound echoes
heterogeneous
100
a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts
transverse plane
101
a region of an ultrasound image producing echoes that are the same as the surrounding tissue with equal brightness
isoechoic
102
a structure that produces ultrasound echoes
echogenic
103
a region of an ultrasound image having a uniform appearance on ultrasound with echoes that appear similar
homogeneous
104
a vertical plane that divides the body into front and back parts
coronal plane
105
When reading a patient's medical record, you come across the abbreviation HTN. What does this stand for?
Hypertension
106
When a body is depicted standing erect with arms at the side and the face and palms directed forward, what is this known as?
anatomical position
107
Which of the following terms indicates towards the head?
a. caudal
b. posterior
c. lateral
d. cephalad
d
108
Which anatomic plane divides the body into superior and inferior sections?
transverse
109
If you were to view the common carotid artery in long axis, what anatomic body plane would you be using?
sagittal
110
What is the position in which a patient is lying fully on their left side?
left lateral decubitus
111
Which patient position would be appropriate if you were to image the right kidney from a posterior approach?
prone
112
When examining the lower extremity veins, what position is often used to aid in venous filling?
reverse trendelenburg's position
113
When scanning in a transverse plane, where should the "notch" on the transducer be?
toward the patient's right side
114
In vascular imaging, on which side of the screen should the head of the patient appear when scanning in a sagittal plane?
left
115
What is a fluid-filled structure that appears black on an ultrasound image said to be?
anechoic
116
A mass, which has the same echogenicity as the surrounding liver tissue, is noted within the liver. What term would be used to describe this mass?
isoechoic
117
How would the internal carotid artery be related directionally to the common carotid artery?
the internal carotid artery is distal to the common carotid artery
118
A patient is discovered to have a blood clot in their leg. What abbreviation would be used for this diagnosis?
DVT
119
What is a plane that runs vertically through the body but not through the midline?
parasaggital
120
The vertical plane that courses exactly through the midline of the body is the _____ plane.
midlinesagittal
121
The abbreviation used to describe a stroke would be ____.
TIA
122
The coronal plane that splits the body into anterior and posterior sections can also be known as the _____ plane.
frontal
123
The transverse plane can also be known as _______ view, especially with reference to viewing a vessel/
axial/short axis/ horizontal
124
When imaging the pancreas on its long axis within the body, the anatomic plane that is typically used is a(n) _____ plane.
oblique
125
A good patient position to use to evaluate the spleen would be ____ position.
LPO
126
When depicting an image in a transverse plane on an ultrasound image, the left side of the patient should be displayed on the ____ side of the screen.
right
127
The term used to refer to a structure that produces ultrasound echoes is _____.
echogenic
128
A plaque noted in the common femoral artery has regions that are anechoic and hyperechoic. This plaque would be described as _____.
heterogeneous
129
A directional term that describes a structure that is below another structure is _____.
inferior
130
The celiac artery would be considered ____, directionally, to the superior mesenteric artery.
superior
131
The abbreviation WNL stands for _____.
within normal limits
132
If the patient is lying supine, medical images are displayed as if viewing the patient from the feet ____.
upward
133
Holding the ultrasound transducer incorrectly can cause the image to be displayed ____.
backward
134
On an ultrasound image, the inner portion of the kidney is brighter than or _____ when compared to the outer rim of the cortex.
hyperechoic
135
