Chapter 22 The Role of Ultrasound in Central Access Device Placement Flashcards
(99 cards)
inadvertent release of air or gas into the venous system
air embolism
preexisting veins that enlarge to take flow from neighboring but occluded vessels
collateral veins
an abnormal connection or passageway between two organs or vessels; may be caused by trauma or intentionally for therapeutic purposes
fistula
The brightness of an ultrasound image, which can be manipulated on most devices
gain
a hydrophilic guidewire
glidewire
A Nitinol or stainless steel wire used to support sheath or catheter exchanges and to predict vessel patency; measured in diameter and length
guidewire
leaking of intravenous fluid from a catheter into the tissue surrounding the vein
infiltration
Innermost layer of a vein or an artery; composed of one layer of endothelial cells in contact with blood flow; also known as tunica intima
intima
small needles are wires used to make the initial access into a target
microintroducer
A sheath that is perforated along the long axis, allowing the device to be split for removal from a catheter
peel-away sheath
A type of vascular access device that is typically inserted into a vein of the upper extremity and threaded to achieve a tip location in the distal third of the superior vena cava
peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)
Collection of air in the pleural space (between the lung and the chest wall)
pneumothorax
A thin-walled, hollow plastic tube through which wires and catheters can be advanced; measured in Fr size according to the size of the catheter it can accomodate
sheath
Narrowing of a vein or an artery because of disease or trauma
stenosis
Different reasons for venous access
intravenous antibiotic therapy
central venous pressure monitoring and sampling
hemodialysis
chemotherapy
total parenteral nutrition
catheters that allow clinicians to infuce medications and blood components, obtain blood samples, and deliver other exchange therapies
Vascular access devices
catheters placed such that the terminal tip of the catheter resides in a central vein, most often the superior vena cava
central VAD
single- or dual- lumen devices with the tip remaining in the peripheral vein and do not cross into the axillary vein
midline catheteres
Most common places for central VAD placement
peripheral
basilic
cephalic
brachial
subclavian
internal jugular
external jugular
The central VAD catheter typically resides ______
in the distal third of the SVC or slightly deeper at the atriocaval junction
flow rate of atriocaval junction
2000 mL/min
Three categories of VADS
nontunneled devices
tunneled devices
implanted ports
VADs that are place percuteaneously into a central or peripheral vein, with the device’s tip residing at the atriocaval junction or in the distal third of the SVC
nontunneled central VADs
critical care catheters
temporary dialysis and apheresis catheters
small bore polyurethane or silicone catheters
PICCS
nontunneled central VADs