Chapter 12: Duplex Ultrasound of Lower Extremity Arteries Flashcards
(109 cards)
A localized dilation of an artery involving all three layers of the arterial wall
aneurysm
A radiologic imaging technique performed using ionizing radiation and intravascular contrast material to provide detailed arterial system configuration and pathology information
contrast arteriography
ultrasound imaging of the arterial system performed to identify atherosclerotic disease and other arterial pathology and establish a detailed map of the arterial system evaluated
duplex arteriography
the deposit of fatty material within the vessel walls, which is characteristic of atherosclerosis
plaque
Normal lower extremity arterial finding
walls smooth and uniform
no focal areas of increased PSV
slight change in PSV across segments of arterial tree
multiphasic waveform with reverse flow component
uniform color filling
Stenotic lower extremity arterial finding
wall thickening
calcification
plaque encroaching into vessel lumen
focal increase in PSV
Poststenotic turbulence
Vr > or equal to 2.0
Monophasic waveform distally with no reverse flow and continuous flow in diastole
focal area of aliasing
turbulence distally
Aneurysm lower extremity arterial finding
increased diameter 1.5 times larger than adjacent more proximal segments
turbulence within dilated area
no color filling
gold standard imaging tool to evaluate peripheral arterial system; associated with systemic and local complications
contrast arteriography
indications of acute arterial ischemia
pallor
pulselessness
paralysis
parasthesia
intense pain
pulsatile mass detected in femoral or popliteal regions
peripheral arterial aneurysms
Primary pathologies suspected for arteriography
atherosclerotic
aneurysmal diseases
The SFA passes through the ______ and then becomes the popliteal artery.
adductor canal (Hunter’s canal)
The anterior tibial artery branches off the _____ artery.
popliteal
slightly smaller in diameter than the popliteal artery
3-5 cm longer
tibioperoneal trunk
The tibioperoneal trunk bifurcates into the _____ and _____.
peroneal artery
posterior tibial artery
Primary tool to categorize disease
velocity spectra
Velocity ratio calculation
PSV at stenosis divided by PSV just proximal to stenosis
used to estimate degree of stenosis
velocity spectra
______ can detect flows as low as ____.
2 cm/s
Most common problem with duplex arteriography
arterial wall calcification
Calcifications produce ______.
acoustic shadowing
Most plaque will appear ______.
heterogeneous
Irregulary surfaced plaques may represent _____ lesions.
ulcerative
A vessel is diagnosed as aneurysmal if the diameter is ____ times greater than the adjacent more proximal segment.
1.5