Chapter 9 Flashcards
1
Q
Articulations
A
where 2 bones meet
2
Q
2 methods to classify articulations
A
- Function
2. Structure
3
Q
Function of articulations
- definition
- 3 things
A
- range of motion
- Synarthrosis
- Amphiarthrosis
- Diarthrosis
- Synarthrosis
4
Q
Synarthrosis
-4 types
A
No movement
- Suture
- Gomphosis
- Synostosis
- Synchondrosis
- Suture
5
Q
Amphiarthrosis
- definition
- example
- 2 types
- how are bones connected
A
Some movement
- Invertebral joints
- syndesmosis
- symphysis
- syndesmosis
- by collagen fibers or cartilage
6
Q
Diarthrosis
- definition
- location
- 3 examples
A
Freely movable joints and contain a joint cavity
- end of long bones
- Shoulder, coxal and elbow
7
Q
Structure of articulations
-4
A
- bony fusion
- Fibrous joint
- Cartilaginous joint
- Synovial joint
8
Q
suture
- structural category
- description
- example
A
- fibrous joint
- articulating bones joined by a thin layer of dense connective tissue
- bones of skull
9
Q
gophmosis
- structural category
- what is it known as
- description
- example
A
- fibrous joint
- peradontal ligament
- cone shaped peg fits into socket
- teeth in maxillae and mandable
10
Q
Synostosis
- structural category
- created by what
- example
A
- bony fusion
- created by fusion of 2 bones, boundary between them disappears
- formation of epiphyseal line
11
Q
synchondroses
- structural category
- description
- example
A
- cartilaginous joint (cartilage bridge between 2 joints)
- connecting material is cartilage
- connects epiphysis with diaphysis in growing long bone
12
Q
syndesmosis
- structural category
- description
- example
A
- fibrous joint
- articulating bones joined by ligaments (dense connective tissue)
- radius and ulna
13
Q
Symphysis
- structural category
- description
- example
A
- cartilaginous
- articulating bones joined by fibrocartilage
- vertebral column
14
Q
3 characteristics of synovial joints
A
- Joint cavity
- Articular capsule
- Articular cartilage
15
Q
Joint cavity
A
surrounds joints and is filled with synovial fluid
16
Q
Articular capsule
- number of layers
- 2 characteristics
A
- 2
- outer fibrous articular capsule
- inner synovial membrane
- outer fibrous articular capsule
17
Q
Outer fibrous articular capsule
- function
- continuous with what
A
- covers joint
- continuous with periosteum of the bone
18
Q
Inner synovial membrane
-function
A
produces synovial fluid
19
Q
Synovial fluid
A
thick fluid rich in proteoglycans
20
Q
proteogycans
A
lubrication, nutrient distribution and shock absorption
21
Q
articular cartilage
A
surface is smooth and slick (hyaline)
22
Q
4 accessory structures of synovial joints
A
- Cartilages and fat pads
- Accessory ligaments
- tendons
- bursae
23
Q
cartilages and fat pads
-2 things
A
- meniscus
2. fat pads
24
Q
meniscus
A
pad of fibrocartilage between bones
25
fat pads
areas of fat covered by synovial membrane
26
accessory ligaments
- 3 functions
- 2 things
- support, strengthen and reinforce joint
| - extracapsular and intracapsular
27
extracapsular
ligaments located outside joint capsule
28
intracapsular
ligaments located inside joint capsule
29
Tendons
- location
- provides 2 things
- may pass across or around joint
| - stability and support
30
Bursae
- definition
- what does it contain
- small fluid filled pockets in connective tissue
| - contains synovial fluid and are lined by a synovial membrane
31
dynamic motion-
| -5 types
1. initial position
2. linear motion
3. angular motion
4. circumduction
5. rotation
32
3 possible planes
1. forward and backward]
2. left to right
3. rotation
33
4 types of planar motion
1. monoaxial
2. biaxial
3. triaxial
4. nonaxial (multiaxial)
34
Monoaxial
- permits movement in only one axis
| - angular movement that is forward and backward OR side to side
35
Biaxial
- permits movement in 2 axes
| - Angular movement that is forward and backward AND side to side
36
Triaxial
combination of angular movements and rotation
37
Nonaxial
Joints that permit only small amounts of movement
| -sliding/gliding
38
6 types of synovial joints
1. gliding
2. hinge
3. pivot
4. ellipsodial or condyloid
5. saddle
6. ball and socket
39
Gliding
- structural category
- type of planar motion
- 4 examples
- articulating surfaces are flat or slightly curved
- non axial (slipping or gliding movements)
- ends of clavicles, between carpals, b/n ribs 2-7 and sternum, b/n articular processes of adjacent vertebrae
40
Hinge
- structural category
- type of planar motion
- 4 examples
- C-shaped surface of one bone swings about round surface of another bone
- monoaxial
- knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints
41
pivot
- structural category
- type of planar motion
- example
- a ring of bones rotates about a process of a bone
- monoaxial (rotation only)
- atlas and axis, head of the radius and proximal shaft of the ulna (permits supination and pronation)
42
Ellipsodial or condyloid
- structural category
- type of planar motion
- 3 examples
- a oval condyle of one bone fits into a depression on another bone
- biaxial
- radius with proximal carpals, phalanges with metacarpals, phalanges with metatarsals
43
Saddle
- structural category
- type of planar motion
- example
-Resembles a saddle (concave in one direction/convex in other)
– Biaxial
-Carpometacarpal joint at base of thumbs (twiddling)
44
Ball and socket
- Structural category
- Type of planar motion
- Two examples
- Ball like head of one bone fits into cup shaped socket of another
- Triaxial
- Shoulder and hip
45
Seven types of angular motion
1. Flexion
2. Extension
3. Hyperextension
4. Abduction
5. Adduction
6. Circumduction
7. Rotation
46
Flexion
Decreased angle between articulating bones in the anterior/posterior plane
47
Extension
Increased the angle between articulating bones in the anterior/posterior pplane
48
Hyperextension
Continuation of extension beyond anatomical position
49
Abduction
Movement away from the midline
50
Adduction
Movement toward the midline
51
Circumduction
Proximal and remain stable and distal and moves in a circle
52
Rotation
Movement of the bone around a long axis
53
Inversion
Moving sole inward (medially)
54
Eversion
Moving sole of foot outward (laterally)
55
Protraction
Moving mandible forward
56
Retraction
Moving mandible backward
57
Supination
Moving forearm to turn the palm anteriorly
58
Pronation
Moving forearm to turn palm posteriorly
59
Elevation
Superior movement (jaw or shoulders)
60
Depression
Inferior movement (jaw or shoulders)
61
Opposition
Moving thumb toward palm
62
Dorsiflexion
Flexion at the ankle joint and elevation of the sole
63
Plantar flexion
Extends ankle joint and elevates the heel
